de Bruin Angela, Dick Anthony Steven, Carreiras Manuel
Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom.
Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (BCBL), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
Neurobiol Lang (Camb). 2021 Nov 11;2(4):433-451. doi: 10.1162/nol_a_00038. eCollection 2021.
The heated debate regarding bilingual cognitive advantages remains ongoing. While there are many studies supporting positive cognitive effects of bilingualism, recent meta-analyses have concluded that there is no consistent evidence for a . In this article we focus on several theoretical concerns. First, we discuss changes in theoretical frameworks, which have led to the development of insufficiently clear theories and hypotheses that are difficult to falsify. Next, we discuss the development of looking at bilingual experiences and the need to better understand control. Last, we argue that the move from behavioural studies to a focus on brain plasticity is not going to solve the debate on cognitive effects, especially not when brain changes are interpreted in the absence of behavioural differences. Clearer theories on both behavioural and neural effects of bilingualism are needed. However, to achieve this, a solid understanding of both bilingualism and executive functions is needed first.
关于双语认知优势的激烈争论仍在继续。虽然有许多研究支持双语对认知的积极影响，但最近的荟萃分析得出结论，没有一致的证据表明存在……在本文中，我们关注几个理论问题。首先，我们讨论理论框架的变化，这些变化导致了不够清晰、难以证伪的理论和假设的发展。接下来，我们讨论看待双语经历的发展以及更好地理解……控制的必要性。最后，我们认为从行为研究转向关注大脑可塑性并不能解决关于认知影响的争论，尤其是在没有行为差异的情况下对大脑变化进行解释时。需要更清晰的关于双语行为和神经影响的理论。然而，要做到这一点，首先需要对双语和执行功能有扎实的理解。
