The geological sequestration of CO in coal seams holds significant implications for coalbed methane development and greenhouse gas mitigation. This paper examines the principles, influencing factors, and evaluation methods for geological CO sequestration in coal seams by analyzing relevant domestic and international findings. Suitable geological conditions for CO sequestration include burial depths between 300 and 1300 m, permeability greater than 0.01 × 10 μm, caprock and floor strata with water isolation capabilities, and high-rank bituminous coal or anthracite with low ash yield. Geological structures, shallow freshwater layers, and complex hydrological conditions should be avoided. Additionally, the engineering conditions of temperature, pressure, and storage time for CO sequestration should be given special attention. The feasibility evaluation of CO geological storage in coal seams necessitates a comprehensive understanding of coalfield geological factors. By integrating the evaluation principles of site selection feasibility, injection controllability, sequestration security, and development economy, various mathematical models and "one vote veto" power can optimize the sequestration area and provide recommendations for rational CO geological storage layout.