Irimia Ramona E, Montesinos Daniel, Chaturvedi Anurag, Sanders Ian, Hierro José L, Sotes Gastón, Cavieres Lohengrin A, Eren Özkan, Lortie Christopher J, French Kristine, Brennan Adrian Christopher
Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal.
Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany.
Evol Appl. 2023 Apr 18;16(5):997-1011. doi: 10.1111/eva.13548. eCollection 2023 May.
Invasive species often possess a great capacity to adapt to novel environments in the form of spatial trait variation, as a result of varying selection regimes, genetic drift, or plasticity. We explored the geographic differentiation in several phenotypic traits related to plant growth, reproduction, and defense in the highly invasive by measuring neutral genetic differentiation ( ), and comparing it with phenotypic differentiation ( ), in a common garden experiment in individuals originating from regions representing the species distribution across five continents. Native plants were more fecund than non-native plants, but the latter displayed considerably larger seed mass. We found indication of divergent selection for these two reproductive traits but little overall genetic differentiation between native and non-native ranges. The native versus invasive - comparisons demonstrated that, in several invasive regions, seed mass had increased proportionally more than the genetic differentiation. Traits displayed different associations with climate variables in different regions. Both capitula numbers and seed mass were associated with winter temperature and precipitation and summer aridity in some regions. Overall, our study suggests that rapid evolution has accompanied invasive success of . and provides new insights into traits and their genetic bases that can contribute to fitness advantages in non-native populations.
入侵物种通常具有很强的能力，能够以空间性状变异的形式适应新环境，这是由于不同的选择机制、遗传漂变或可塑性导致的。我们通过测量中性遗传分化（ ），并在一个共同花园实验中，将其与表型分化（ ）进行比较，来探究在原产于代表该物种在五大洲分布区域的个体中，与植物生长、繁殖和防御相关的几个表型性状的地理分化情况。本地植物比非本地植物繁殖力更强，但后者的种子质量明显更大。我们发现这两个繁殖性状存在趋异选择的迹象，但本地和非本地分布范围之间总体遗传分化较小。本地与入侵 的比较表明，在几个入侵区域，种子质量的增加比例超过了遗传分化。不同区域的性状与气候变量表现出不同的关联。在某些区域，头状花序数量和种子质量都与冬季温度、降水量以及夏季干旱程度有关。总体而言，我们的研究表明 的入侵成功伴随着快速进化，并为有助于非本地种群适应优势的性状及其遗传基础提供了新的见解。
