School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
Neurosci Bull. 2023 Nov;39(11):1703-1716. doi: 10.1007/s12264-023-01065-2. Epub 2023 May 24.
Understanding the fundamental processes of human brain development and diseases is of great importance for our health. However, existing research models such as non-human primate and mouse models remain limited due to their developmental discrepancies compared with humans. Over the past years, an emerging model, the "brain organoid" integrated from human pluripotent stem cells, has been developed to mimic developmental processes of the human brain and disease-associated phenotypes to some extent, making it possible to better understand the complex structures and functions of the human brain. In this review, we summarize recent advances in brain organoid technologies and their applications in brain development and diseases, including neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, psychiatric diseases, and brain tumors. Finally, we also discuss current limitations and the potential of brain organoids.
理解人类大脑发育和疾病的基本过程对我们的健康至关重要。然而，现有的研究模型，如非人类灵长类动物和小鼠模型，由于与人类的发育差异仍然存在局限性。在过去的几年中，一种新兴的模型，即由人类多能干细胞集成的“脑类器官”，已经被开发出来，在一定程度上模拟人类大脑的发育过程和与疾病相关的表型，使我们能够更好地理解人类大脑的复杂结构和功能。在这篇综述中，我们总结了脑类器官技术的最新进展及其在脑发育和疾病中的应用，包括神经发育、神经退行性疾病、精神疾病和脑肿瘤。最后，我们还讨论了脑类器官的当前局限性和潜力。
