College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
Small. 2023 Sep;19(37):e2300078. doi: 10.1002/smll.202300078. Epub 2023 May 24.
Canonical phototherapeutics have several limitations, including a lack of tumor selectivity, nondiscriminatory phototoxicity, and tumor hypoxia aggravation. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by hypoxia, acidic pH, and high levels of H O , GSH, and proteases. To overcome the shortcomings of canonical phototherapy and achieve optimal theranostic effects with minimal side effects, unique TME characteristics are employed in the development of phototherapeutic nanomedicines. In this review, the effectiveness of three strategies for developing advanced phototherapeutics based on various TME characteristics is examined. The first strategy involves targeted delivery of phototherapeutics to tumors with the assistance of TME-induced nanoparticle disassembly or surface modification. The second strategy involves near-infrared absorption increase-induced phototherapy activation triggered by TME factors. The third strategy involves enhancing therapeutic efficacy by ameliorating TME. The functionalities, working principles, and significance of the three strategies for various applications are highlighted. Finally, possible challenges and future perspectives for further development are discussed.
经典的光疗有几个局限性，包括缺乏肿瘤选择性、非选择性光毒性和肿瘤缺氧加重。肿瘤微环境（TME）的特点是缺氧、酸性 pH 值和高水平的 H2O2、GSH 和蛋白酶。为了克服经典光疗的缺点，并以最小的副作用实现最佳的治疗效果，独特的 TME 特征被应用于光疗纳米药物的开发中。在这篇综述中，研究了基于各种 TME 特征开发先进光疗的三种策略的有效性。第一种策略是在 TME 诱导的纳米颗粒解体或表面修饰的帮助下，将光疗药物靶向递送到肿瘤中。第二种策略是通过 TME 因素触发近红外吸收增加诱导的光疗激活。第三种策略是通过改善 TME 来增强治疗效果。强调了这三种策略在各种应用中的功能、工作原理和意义。最后，讨论了进一步发展可能面临的挑战和未来展望。
