Liu Kehan, Yao Yao, Xue Shujuan, Zhang Mengyao, Li Dazhao, Xu Tao, Zhi Feng, Liu Yang, Ding Dawei
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
Department of Gerontology, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian 223800, China.
Pharmaceutics. 2023 Oct 17;15(10):2480. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102480.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a powerful tumor treatment tool due to its advantages including minimal invasiveness, high selectivity and thus dampened side effects. On the other side, the efficacy of PDT is severely frustrated by the limited oxygen level in tumors, thus promoting its combination with other therapies, particularly photothermal therapy (PTT) for bolstered tumor treatment outcomes. Meanwhile, nanomedicines that could respond to various stimuli in the tumor microenvironment (TME) provide tremendous benefits for combined phototherapy with efficient hypoxia relief, tailorable drug release and activation, improved cellular uptake and intratumoral penetration of nanocarriers, etc. In this review, we will introduce the merits of combining PTT with PDT, summarize the recent important progress of combined phototherapies and their combinations with the dominant tumor treatment regimen, chemotherapy based on smart nanomedicines sensitive to various TME stimuli with a focus on their sophisticated designs, and discuss the challenges and future developments of nanomedicine-mediated combined phototherapies.
光动力疗法（PDT）因其具有微创、高选择性以及副作用小等优点，已成为一种强大的肿瘤治疗工具。另一方面，肿瘤内有限的氧水平严重限制了PDT的疗效，因此促使其与其他疗法联合使用，特别是与光热疗法（PTT）联合，以提高肿瘤治疗效果。同时，能够响应肿瘤微环境（TME）中各种刺激的纳米药物为联合光疗带来了巨大优势，包括有效缓解缺氧、可定制的药物释放和激活、改善纳米载体的细胞摄取和肿瘤内渗透等。在这篇综述中，我们将介绍PTT与PDT联合的优点，总结联合光疗及其与主要肿瘤治疗方案（基于对各种TME刺激敏感的智能纳米药物的化疗）联合的近期重要进展，重点关注其精巧设计，并讨论纳米药物介导的联合光疗所面临的挑战和未来发展。
