Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran.
Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Curr Mol Med. 2024;24(5):565-575. doi: 10.2174/1566524023666230523155719.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the world's most common types of malignancy. The proliferation of precancerous lesions causes this type of cancer. Two distinct pathways for CRC carcinogenesis have been identified: the conventional adenoma-carcinoma pathway and the serrated neoplasia pathway. Recently, evidence has demonstrated the regulatory roles of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the initiation and progression of precancerous lesions, especially in the adenoma-carcinoma pathway and serrated neoplasia pathway. By expanding the science of molecular genetics and bioinformatics, several studies have identified dysregulated ncRNAs that function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in cancer initiation and formation by diverse mechanisms via intracellular signaling pathways known to act on tumor cells. However, many of their roles are still unclear. This review summarizes the functions and mechanisms of ncRNAs (such as long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, long intergenic non-coding RNAs, small interfering RNAs, and circRNAs) in the initiation and formation of precancerous lesions.
结直肠癌（CRC）是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。癌前病变的增殖导致了这种类型的癌症。已经确定了结直肠癌发生的两种不同途径：传统的腺瘤-癌途径和锯齿状肿瘤途径。最近，有证据表明非编码 RNA（ncRNA）在癌前病变的发生和发展中的调节作用，特别是在腺瘤-癌途径和锯齿状肿瘤途径中。通过扩展分子遗传学和生物信息学科学，一些研究已经确定了失调的 ncRNA，它们通过多种机制作为癌基因或肿瘤抑制因子发挥作用，在癌症的发生和形成中，这些机制通过已知作用于肿瘤细胞的细胞内信号通路来实现。然而，它们的许多作用仍然不清楚。这篇综述总结了 ncRNA（如长非编码 RNA、microRNA、长基因间非编码 RNA、小干扰 RNA 和 circRNA）在癌前病变发生和形成中的作用和机制。
