Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
School of Health Professions, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
Calcif Tissue Int. 2023 Aug;113(2):143-156. doi: 10.1007/s00223-023-01081-4. Epub 2023 May 25.
Alcohol intake is a major modifiable risk factor for many diseases. Alcohol can also damage skeletal muscle health during ageing which in turn increases risk of sarcopenia, frailty and falls but this relationship is understudied. The aim of this study was to model the relationship between a full range of alcohol consumption and components of sarcopenic risk, skeletal muscle mass and function, in middle-aged and younger older-aged men and women. A cross-sectional analyses was undertaken of 196,561 white participants from the UK Biobank with longitudinal analysis also in 12,298 of these participants, with outcome measures for the latter repeated after around four years. For the cross-sectional analysis fractional polynomial curves were fitted in models of measures of skeletal muscle mass, appendicular lean mass/body mass index (ALM/BMI), fat-free mass as a percentage of body weight (FFM%) and grip strength, all predicted from alcohol consumption with models fitted for men and women separately. Alcohol consumption at baseline was based on the mean of up to five dietary recalls, typically over 16 months. Linear regression was used for longitudinal analyses to model the effects of alcohol consumption groups on these measures. All models were adjusted for covariates. In the cross-sectional analysis, modelled values of the muscle mass measures all showed a peak at medium levels of alcohol consumption and a steep decline with increasing alcohol consumption. Modelled differences in muscle mass from zero consumption of alcohol to 160 g/d ranged from 3.6 to 4.9% for ALM/BMI for men and women, respectively, and 3.6 to 6.1% for FFM%. Grip strength consistently increased with alcohol consumption. No association between alcohol consumption and muscle measures were seen in the longitudinal results. Our results suggest that higher levels of alcohol consumption could have detrimental effects on muscle mass in middle- and older-aged men and women.
饮酒是许多疾病的主要可改变风险因素。酒精还会损害衰老过程中的骨骼肌健康，从而增加肌少症、虚弱和跌倒的风险，但这种关系的研究还不够充分。本研究的目的是建立一个模型，研究中老年人中各种饮酒量与肌少症风险因素、骨骼肌质量和功能之间的关系。对英国生物库的 196561 名白人参与者进行了横断面分析，并对其中 12298 名参与者进行了纵向分析，对后者的结果测量在大约四年后进行了重复。对于横断面分析，在肌肉质量测量、四肢瘦体重/体重指数（ALM/BMI）、无脂肪体重占体重的百分比（FFM%）和握力的模型中拟合了分数多项式曲线，所有这些都可以从酒精消耗中预测出来，并且为男性和女性分别拟合了模型。基线时的酒精消耗基于多达五次饮食回忆的平均值，通常在 16 个月内完成。纵向分析使用线性回归来模拟酒精消耗组对这些测量值的影响。所有模型都针对协变量进行了调整。在横断面分析中，肌肉质量测量的模型值均显示出在中等水平的酒精消耗时达到峰值，并且随着酒精消耗的增加而急剧下降。从零酒精摄入到每天 160 克酒精的肌肉质量模型差异在男性和女性的 ALM/BMI 中分别为 3.6%至 4.9%，FFM%为 3.6%至 6.1%。握力随着酒精消耗的增加而持续增加。在纵向结果中，没有观察到酒精消耗与肌肉测量之间的关联。我们的研究结果表明，较高水平的酒精消耗可能对中老年人的肌肉质量产生不利影响。
