Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2024 Mar;29(1):245-271. doi: 10.1007/s10459-023-10231-0. Epub 2023 May 25.
The number of studies on the effects of mindfulness on healthcare professionals is increasing. The main aim of this study was to collate the quantitative results of original studies analyzing the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on a variety of outcomes in medical students. We also analyzed how the study design and characteristics of the intervention affect the results, and identified qualitative effects of mindfulness interventions. A literature search was performed in different databases in June 2020. Original articles meeting the following criteria were included: (1) at least 50% of the participants were medical students, (2) included a mindfulness intervention, (3) analyzed any outcome relating to mindfulness intervention, (4) peer-reviewed (5) written in English. Eventually, 31 articles including 24 different samples were included. Over half of the studies were RCTs. In over half of the studies, the intervention was 4- to 10-week original Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction or Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy or a modification of these. In general, satisfaction with the interventions was good. Based on a meta-analysis, after the intervention, the intervention group had statistically significantly fewer symptoms of stress and distress and had higher mindfulness than the controls. The beneficial effects persisted in follow-ups over months or years. Both long and shorter courses and courses with and without face-to-face sessions were effective. Both controlled and uncontrolled studies had statistically significant results. Qualitative results revealed potential factors behind the quantitative effects. The number of studies on mindfulness interventions in medical students has increased drastically. Mindfulness-based interventions seem to offer a good possibility to enhance medical students' well-being.
正念对医护人员影响的研究数量正在增加。本研究的主要目的是整理分析正念干预对医学生各种结果影响的原始研究的定量结果。我们还分析了研究设计和干预措施的特征如何影响结果，并确定了正念干预的定性影响。2020 年 6 月在不同的数据库中进行了文献检索。符合以下标准的原始文章被包括在内：(1) 至少 50%的参与者是医学生，(2) 包括正念干预，(3) 分析与正念干预相关的任何结果，(4) 同行评议，(5) 英文书写。最终包括了 31 篇文章，其中包含 24 个不同的样本。超过一半的研究是 RCT。在超过一半的研究中，干预措施是 4-10 周的原始正念减压或正念认知疗法或这些疗法的修改版。总的来说，干预的满意度很好。基于荟萃分析，干预后，干预组的压力和痛苦症状明显少于对照组，正念水平高于对照组。在几个月或几年的随访中，这些有益的效果仍然存在。无论是长疗程还是短疗程，有面对面课程的和没有面对面课程的，都有效果。无论是对照研究还是非对照研究，结果都有统计学意义。定性结果揭示了定量结果背后的潜在因素。医学生正念干预的研究数量急剧增加。基于正念的干预似乎为提高医学生的幸福感提供了很好的可能性。
