Dos Santos Elizabete A, Cavalheiro Lígia Araújo Martini, Rodrigues Daniela, Machado-Rodrigues Aristides, Silva Maria-Raquel, Nogueira Helena, Padez Cristina
Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Am J Hum Biol. 2023 Sep;35(9):e23918. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23918. Epub 2023 May 25.
Sun exposure seems to have an indirect effect on the development of obesity through vitamin D synthesis in the skin, the primary source of this vitamin. The present study aimed to investigate associations among sun exposure time, obesity indicators, and lifestyle habits in children.
A total of 4755 children (3-10 years; 49.86% boys) from the north, center and south-central Portugal were included in the present study. During 2016/2017 children's sun exposure time, screen time, time devoted to the practice of physical activity and active play were collected through standard questionnaires answered by parents. Statistical analyses were conducted to investigate differences among sun exposure time according to the sex, age, obesity indicators and lifestyle habits.
Linear regression analysis showed that sun exposure time presented a negative association with Body Mass Index (β = -0.09, 95% CI: -0.18; -0.003; p = .042), body fat % (β = -0.31, 95%; CI: -0.54; -0.07; p = .010), computer time (β = -0.08, 95% CI: -0.12; - 0.05; p < .0001) and a positive association with active play time (β = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.17; 0.27; p < .0001) and total time of physical activity practice (β = 10.01, 95% CI: 4.52; 15.20; p < .0001).
The results reinforce the need for future guidance on the ideal sun exposure time, especially in children, who are at risk for vitamin D deficiency. Standardization of criteria for classifying optimal sun exposure time in this age group, considering the parameters that affect vitamin D status, such as age and seasonality, should be considered when planning future guidelines.
阳光照射似乎通过皮肤中维生素D的合成对肥胖的发展产生间接影响，而皮肤是这种维生素的主要来源。本研究旨在调查儿童的阳光照射时间、肥胖指标和生活习惯之间的关联。
本研究纳入了来自葡萄牙北部、中部和中南部的4755名儿童（3至10岁；49.86%为男孩）。在2016/2017年期间，通过家长填写的标准问卷收集了儿童的阳光照射时间、屏幕使用时间、用于体育活动和积极玩耍的时间。进行统计分析以调查根据性别、年龄、肥胖指标和生活习惯划分的阳光照射时间之间的差异。
线性回归分析表明，阳光照射时间与体重指数呈负相关（β = -0.09，95%置信区间：-0.18；-0.003；p = 0.042），与体脂百分比呈负相关（β = -0.31，95%；置信区间：-0.54；-0.07；p = 0.010），与电脑使用时间呈负相关（β = -0.08，95%置信区间：-0.12；-0.05；p < 0.0001），与积极玩耍时间呈正相关（β = 0.22，95%置信区间：0.17；0.27；p < 0.0001）以及与体育活动总时间呈正相关（β = 10.01，95%置信区间：4.52；15.20；p < 0.0001）。
研究结果进一步表明有必要为理想的阳光照射时间提供未来指导，尤其是在有维生素D缺乏风险的儿童中。在制定未来指南时，应考虑影响维生素D状态的参数，如年龄和季节性，对该年龄组最佳阳光照射时间分类标准进行标准化。
