Institute for Alcohol and Drug Studies, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
Pharmacological Big Data Laboratory, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
Front Public Health. 2023 May 9;11:1178300. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1178300. eCollection 2023.
Driving under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs impairs skills essential for safe driving, increases the risk of being involved in a traffic accident and is particularly prevalent in Spain. The aim is to assess the prevalence of positive substance driving cases, what factors may be associated with driving after substance use, and the evolution of the progress in the prevalence of drug use among drivers in drivers based on the 2008, 2013, 2018, and 2021 studies.
The present study was conducted in a representative sample of Spanish drivers in 2021 for alcohol (breath) and psychoactive substances [oral fluid (OF)]. The sample size was 2980 drivers, mostly males (76.5%) with a mean age of 41.35 ± 13.34 years.
In 2021, 9.3% of drivers tested positive for alcohol and/or drugs. The presence of alcohol alone was observed in 4.2% of drivers, alcohol and another substance in 0.3%, a single drug in 4.4%, and two or drugs other than alcohol in 0.4%. Overall, cocaine cases were the highest registered in 2021 (2.4%), while cannabis (1.9%) and polydrug cases (0.7%) were the lowest, with respect to the 2008/2013/2018 studies.
According to our research, in 2021, 9 out of 100 drivers were detected to have some substance in their system. This prevalence remains unacceptably high in Spain, with a marked increase in the frequency of driving after cocaine use. Further interventions and measures must be taken to avoid driving under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs.
酒精和/或药物的影响会损害安全驾驶所需的技能，增加发生交通事故的风险，在西班牙尤为普遍。目的是评估阳性物质驾驶案例的流行率、与物质使用后驾驶相关的因素，以及基于 2008 年、2013 年、2018 年和 2021 年的研究，司机中药物使用流行率的进展。
本研究于 2021 年在西班牙代表性的司机样本中进行，用于酒精（呼气）和精神活性物质[口腔液（OF）]。样本量为 2980 名司机，大多数为男性（76.5%），平均年龄为 41.35 ± 13.34 岁。
2021 年，有 9.3%的司机检测出酒精和/或药物呈阳性。单独存在酒精的司机占 4.2%，酒精和另一种物质的司机占 0.3%，单一药物的司机占 4.4%，两种或两种以上除酒精以外的药物的司机占 0.4%。总体而言，可卡因病例在 2021 年登记的数量最高（2.4%），而大麻（1.9%）和多药病例（0.7%）则是最低的，与 2008/2013/2018 年的研究相比。
根据我们的研究，2021 年，每 100 名司机中有 9 名被检测出体内有某种物质。这种流行率在西班牙仍然高得令人无法接受，可卡因使用后驾驶的频率明显增加。必须采取进一步的干预和措施，以避免酒后和/或药物驾驶。
