Pharmacological Big Data Laboratory, Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
Nephrology, Complejo Asistencial de Zamora, Zamora, Spain.
BMJ Open. 2019 Aug 26;9(8):e026648. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026648.
This study aimed to assess the association between positive roadside tests for delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other driving-impairing substances and THC concentrations and the age and gender of THC-positive drivers.
This study is based on administrative data.
SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND EXPOSURES: National administrative data on drivers who tested positive in confirmation analysis of driving-impairing substances in oral fluid were assessed (2011-2016, 179 645 tests).
Frequencies of positivity for THC, THC alone and THC plus non-THC substances (stratification by age and gender in 2016) and THC concentration were obtained. Comparisons and univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed.
Of the 65 244 confirmed drug-positive tests, 51 869 were positive for THC (79.5%). In 50.8% of the THC-positive tests, cocaine and amphetamines were also detected. Positivity for THC and non-THC substances predominated among drivers with low THC concentrations and represented 58.6% of those with levels lower than 25 ng/mL. The mean±SD for age was 29.6±7.7 years (year 2016, n=24 941). Men accounted for 96.3% of all THC-positive drivers. With increasing age, positivity for THC decreased (OR 0.948; 95% CI 0.945 to 0.952; p<0.0001), and positivity for THC and non-THC substances increased (OR 1.021; 95% CI 1.017 to 1.024; p<0.0001). Men were associated with higher THC concentrations (OR 1.394; 95% CI 1.188 to 1.636; p<0.0001).
Cannabis positivity is frequent among drivers, and polysubstance use is common. Hence, focusing on younger drivers and those with low THC concentrations is encouraged. This study provides evidence on the current implementation of roadside drug testing in Spain and aims to characterise driving under the influence (DUI) of cannabis to increase the awareness of all involved to help them avoid DUI.
本研究旨在评估驾驶员在路边检测到的δ-9-四氢大麻酚（THC）和其他影响驾驶能力的物质呈阳性与 THC 浓度以及 THC 阳性驾驶员的年龄和性别之间的关系。
本研究基于行政数据。
地点、参与者和暴露情况：评估了驾驶员在口服液中确认分析影响驾驶能力的物质呈阳性的国家行政数据（2011-2016 年，179645 次检测）。
获得了 THC、单独 THC 和 THC 加非 THC 物质的阳性频率（按年龄和性别在 2016 年进行分层）以及 THC 浓度。进行了比较和单变量及多变量回归分析。
在 65244 例确认的药物阳性检测中，51869 例为 THC 阳性（79.5%）。在 50.8%的 THC 阳性检测中，还检测到可卡因和安非他命。低 THC 浓度的驾驶员中，THC 和非 THC 物质的阳性率较高，占低于 25ng/ml 水平的驾驶员的 58.6%。年龄的平均值±标准差为 29.6±7.7 岁（2016 年，n=24941）。男性占所有 THC 阳性驾驶员的 96.3%。随着年龄的增长，THC 阳性率降低（OR 0.948；95%CI 0.945 至 0.952；p<0.0001），THC 和非 THC 物质的阳性率增加（OR 1.021；95%CI 1.017 至 1.024；p<0.0001）。男性与较高的 THC 浓度相关（OR 1.394；95%CI 1.188 至 1.636；p<0.0001）。
在驾驶员中，大麻呈阳性的情况很常见，并且经常使用多种物质。因此，鼓励重点关注年轻驾驶员和 THC 浓度较低的驾驶员。本研究提供了西班牙路边毒品检测实施现状的证据，并旨在描述大麻影响驾驶（DUI）的情况，以提高所有相关人员的认识，帮助他们避免 DUI。
