Bayram Özlem Sarikaya, Bayram Özgür
Biology Department, Maynooth University, W23 F2K8 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
J Fungi (Basel). 2023 May 19;9(5):591. doi: 10.3390/jof9050591.
Organisms have developed different features to capture or sense sunlight. Vertebrates have evolved specialized organs (eyes) which contain a variety of photosensor cells that help them to see the light to aid orientation. Opsins are major photoreceptors found in the vertebrate eye. Fungi, with more than five million estimated members, represent an important clade of living organisms which have important functions for the sustainability of life on our planet. Light signalling regulates a range of developmental and metabolic processes including asexual sporulation, sexual fruit body formation, pigment and carotenoid production and even production of secondary metabolites. Fungi have adopted three groups of photoreceptors: (I) blue light receptors, White Collars, vivid, cryptochromes, blue F proteins and DNA photolyases, (II) red light sensors, phytochromes and (III) green light sensors and microbial rhodopsins. Most mechanistic data were elucidated on the roles of the White Collar Complex (WCC) and the phytochromes in the fungal kingdom. The WCC acts as both photoreceptor and transcription factor by binding to target genes, whereas the phytochrome initiates a cascade of signalling by using mitogen-activated protein kinases to elicit its cellular responses. Although the mechanism of photoreception has been studied in great detail, fungal photoreception has not been compared with vertebrate vision. Therefore, this review will mainly focus on mechanistic findings derived from two model organisms, namely and and comparison of some mechanisms with vertebrate vision. Our focus will be on the way light signalling is translated into changes in gene expression, which influences morphogenesis and metabolism in fungi.
生物体已经进化出不同的特征来捕获或感知阳光。脊椎动物进化出了专门的器官（眼睛），其中包含多种光传感器细胞，帮助它们看见光线以辅助定向。视蛋白是脊椎动物眼睛中发现的主要光感受器。真菌估计有超过五百万个成员，是一类重要的生物体，对我们星球上生命的可持续性具有重要作用。光信号调节一系列发育和代谢过程，包括无性孢子形成、有性子实体形成、色素和类胡萝卜素的产生，甚至次生代谢产物的产生。真菌采用了三类光感受器：（I）蓝光受体，白领蛋白、Vivid、隐花色素、蓝色F蛋白和DNA光解酶，（II）红光传感器，光敏色素，以及（III）绿光传感器和微生物视紫红质。关于真菌界中白领复合体（WCC）和光敏色素的作用，已经阐明了大多数机制数据。WCC通过与靶基因结合，既作为光感受器又作为转录因子，而光敏色素通过使用丝裂原活化蛋白激酶引发一系列信号传导来引发其细胞反应。尽管光感受机制已经得到了详细研究，但真菌光感受尚未与脊椎动物视觉进行比较。因此，本综述将主要关注来自两种模式生物的机制研究结果，即[此处原文缺失两种模式生物的具体名称]，并将一些机制与脊椎动物视觉进行比较。我们将重点关注光信号如何转化为基因表达的变化，这会影响真菌的形态发生和代谢。
