Polivy J, Herman C P, Hackett R, Kuleshnyk I
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986 Jun;50(6):1253-60. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.50.6.1253.
Two experiments were conducted to assess the effects of self-attention and public attention to food intake on eating by dieters and nondieters. Female dieters ate the greatest number of candies ad lib after consuming a forced two-milk shake preload; the addition of either self-attention or implied public attention, through the manipulated availability of a waste basket for the disposing of candy wrappers, inhibited eating substantially. For nondieters, the preload itself inhibited candy consumption, which declined further only under conditions of public attention to candy intake. In a second experiment, self- and public attention again inhibited the cookie consumption of preloaded dieters, but preloaded nondieters were not influenced by the attention manipulations, eating minimally in all conditions. Nondieters who were not preloaded, however, did reduce their intake in the two attention conditions. Implications for regulatory self-control were discussed.
进行了两项实验，以评估自我关注和公众对食物摄入量的关注对节食者和非节食者饮食的影响。女性节食者在强制饮用两杯奶昔预负荷后，随意吃的糖果数量最多；通过操纵用于处理糖果包装纸的垃圾桶的可用性来增加自我关注或暗示的公众关注，会大幅抑制进食。对于非节食者，预负荷本身就抑制了糖果消费，只有在公众关注糖果摄入量的情况下才会进一步下降。在第二项实验中，自我关注和公众关注再次抑制了预负荷节食者的饼干消费，但预负荷的非节食者不受关注操纵的影响，在所有条件下进食量都很少。然而，未进行预负荷的非节食者在两种关注条件下确实减少了摄入量。讨论了对调节自我控制的影响。
