Jansen A, van den Hout M
Department of Mental Health Sciences/Experimental Psychopathology, Limburg University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Addict Behav. 1991;16(5):247-53. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(91)90017-c.
In the present study, it was found that dieters lost control over their food intake and "counterregulated" after merely smelling a "preload," while dieters without a "preload" were able to maintain control over their food intake. Nondieters, however, even ate marginally less after smelling a "preload" than they did in a no-preload condition. Apparently, actually breaking one's diet and such subsequent thoughts as "I've blown my diet, I might as well continue to eat" is not necessary for counterregulation to occur. The observation that merely smelling a "preload" is sufficient to produce "counterregulation" in dieters but not in nondieters challenges the explanatory power of the widely held cognitive explanation of experimental counterregulation in preloaded dieters. An explantation in terms of conditioning is put forward.
在本研究中，发现节食者仅仅闻到“预负荷”的味道后就会失去对食物摄入量的控制并“反调节”，而没有“预负荷”的节食者能够保持对食物摄入量的控制。然而，非节食者在闻到“预负荷”的味道后甚至比在无预负荷的情况下吃得略少。显然，实际打破节食以及诸如“我已经破坏了节食计划，不妨继续吃”这样的后续想法并非反调节发生的必要条件。仅仅闻到“预负荷”的味道就足以在节食者中产生“反调节”，而在非节食者中则不然，这一观察结果挑战了广为接受的对预负荷节食者实验性反调节的认知解释的解释力。本文提出了一种基于条件作用的解释。
