Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés S/N, 46100, València, Burjassot, Spain.
Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, València, Burjassot, Spain.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023 Jul;107(14):4409-4427. doi: 10.1007/s00253-023-12589-y. Epub 2023 May 26.
Many microorganisms are capable of developing biofilms under adverse conditions usually related to nutrient limitation. They are complex structures in which cells (in many cases of different species) are embedded in the material that they secrete, the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is composed of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. The ECM has several functions including adhesion, cellular communication, nutrient distribution, and increased community resistance, this being the main drawback when these microorganisms are pathogenic. However, these structures have also proven useful in many biotechnological applications. Until now, the most interest shown in these regards has focused on bacterial biofilms, and the literature describing yeast biofilms is scarce, except for pathological strains. Oceans and other saline reservoirs are full of microorganisms adapted to extreme conditions, and the discovery and knowledge of their properties can be very interesting to explore new uses. Halotolerant and osmotolerant biofilm-forming yeasts have been employed for many years in the food and wine industry, with very few applications in other areas. The experience gained in bioremediation, food production and biocatalysis with bacterial biofilms can be inspiring to find new uses for halotolerant yeast biofilms. In this review, we focus on the biofilms formed by halotolerant and osmotolerant yeasts such as those belonging to Candida, Saccharomyces flor yeasts, Schwannyomyces or Debaryomyces, and their actual or potential biotechnological applications. KEY POINTS: • Biofilm formation by halotolerant and osmotolerant yeasts is reviewed. • Yeasts biofilms have been widely used in food and wine production. • The use of bacterial biofilms in bioremediation can be expanded to halotolerant yeast counterparts.
许多微生物能够在通常与营养限制有关的不利条件下形成生物膜。它们是复杂的结构，其中细胞（在许多情况下是不同的物种）嵌入在它们分泌的物质中，即细胞外基质（ECM），它由蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂质和核酸组成。ECM 具有多种功能，包括粘附、细胞通讯、营养分布和增加群落抗性，这是这些微生物具有致病性时的主要缺点。然而，这些结构在许多生物技术应用中也被证明是有用的。到目前为止，这些方面最感兴趣的是细菌生物膜，并且关于酵母生物膜的文献很少，除了病理菌株。海洋和其他盐水库充满了适应极端条件的微生物，对它们的特性的发现和了解可以很有趣地探索新的用途。耐盐和耐渗酵母生物膜形成酵母已在食品和葡萄酒工业中使用了多年，在其他领域的应用很少。在生物修复、食品生产和生物催化中使用细菌生物膜所获得的经验可以为寻找耐盐酵母生物膜的新用途提供启示。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了耐盐和耐渗酵母形成的生物膜，如属于念珠菌、酿酒酵母属、Schwannyomyces 或德巴利酵母属的酵母，以及它们的实际或潜在的生物技术应用。要点：• 耐盐和耐渗酵母形成生物膜的综述。• 酵母生物膜已广泛应用于食品和葡萄酒生产。• 细菌生物膜在生物修复中的应用可以扩展到耐盐酵母对应物。
