Department of Feed Safety, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent István Campus, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary.
ELKH-MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.
Toxins (Basel). 2023 Apr 23;15(5):305. doi: 10.3390/toxins15050305.
Different mycotoxins in feed lead to combined exposure, increasing adverse effects on animal health. Trichothecene mycotoxins have been associated with inducing oxidative stress, which is neutralized by the glutathione system within the antioxidant defense, depending on the dose and duration of exposure. T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol (DON), and fumonisin B1 (FB1) are commonly found in feed commodities simultaneously. In the present study, the intracellular biochemical and gene expression changes were investigated in the case of multi-mycotoxin exposure, focusing on certain elements of the glutathione redox system. In a short-term feeding trial, an in vivo study was performed with low (EU-proposed) doses: T-2/HT-2 toxin: 0.25 mg; DON/2-AcDON/15-AcDON.: 5 mg; FB1: 20 mg/kg feed, and high doses (twice the low dose) in laying hens. The multi-mycotoxin exposure affected the glutathione system; GSH concentration and GPx activity was higher in the liver in the low-dose group on day 1 compared to the control. Furthermore, the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes increased significantly on day 1 in both exposure levels compared to the control. The results suggest that when EU-limiting doses are applied, individual mycotoxins may have a synergistic effect in the induction of oxidative stress.
不同的饲料霉菌毒素会导致联合暴露，增加对动物健康的不利影响。 单端孢霉烯族毒素已被证明可诱导氧化应激，而氧化应激可被抗氧化防御中的谷胱甘肽系统中和，具体取决于暴露的剂量和持续时间。 T-2 毒素、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）和伏马菌素 B1（FB1）通常同时存在于饲料商品中。在本研究中，针对多霉菌毒素暴露的情况，研究了细胞内生化和基因表达的变化，重点关注谷胱甘肽氧化还原系统的某些元素。在短期喂养试验中，对产蛋母鸡进行了体内研究，使用低（欧盟建议）剂量：T-2/HT-2 毒素：0.25 mg；DON/2-AcDON/15-AcDON：5 mg；FB1：20 mg/kg 饲料，以及高剂量（低剂量的两倍）。多霉菌毒素暴露影响了谷胱甘肽系统；与对照组相比，低剂量组在第 1 天肝脏中的 GSH 浓度和 GPx 活性更高。此外，与对照组相比，在两个暴露水平下，抗氧化酶的基因表达在第 1 天均显著增加。结果表明，当应用欧盟限量时，个别霉菌毒素在诱导氧化应激方面可能具有协同作用。
