Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Trends Cell Biol. 2023 Dec;33(12):1049-1061. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.05.001. Epub 2023 May 24.
Mechanobiology studies the mechanisms by which cells sense and respond to physical forces, and the role of these forces in shaping cells and tissues themselves. Mechanosensing can occur at the plasma membrane, which is directly exposed to external forces, but also in the cell's interior, for example, through deformation of the nucleus. Less is known on how the function and morphology of organelles are influenced by alterations in their own mechanical properties, or by external forces. Here, we discuss recent advances on the mechanosensing and mechanotransduction of organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi apparatus, the endo-lysosmal system, and the mitochondria. We highlight open questions that need to be addressed to gain a broader understanding of the role of organelle mechanobiology.
机械生物学研究细胞感知和响应物理力的机制，以及这些力在塑造细胞和组织本身中的作用。机械感应可以发生在直接暴露于外部力的质膜上，但也可以发生在细胞内部，例如通过核的变形。对于细胞器的功能和形态如何受到其自身机械特性的改变或外部力的影响，了解较少。在这里，我们讨论了细胞器的机械感应和机械转导的最新进展，包括内质网（ER）、高尔基体、内溶酶体系统和线粒体。我们强调了需要解决的开放性问题，以更广泛地了解细胞器机械生物学的作用。
