Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
Results Probl Cell Differ. 2024;73:3-23. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_1.
Compartmentalization of cellular components is critical to the spatiotemporal and environmental regulation of biochemical activities inside a cell, ensures the proper division of cellular labor and resources, and increases the efficiency of metabolic processes. However, compartmentalization also poses a challenge as organelles often need to communicate across these compartments to complete reaction pathways. These communication signals are often critical aspects of the cellular response to changing environmental conditions. A central signaling hub in the cell, the nucleus communicates with mitochondria, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi body to ensure optimal organellar and cellular performance. Here we review different mechanisms by which these organelles communicate with the nucleus, focusing on anterograde and retrograde signaling of mitochondria, localization-based signaling of lysosomes, the unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum, and evidence for nucleus-Golgi signaling. We also include a brief overview of some less well-characterized mechanisms of communication between non-nuclear organelles.
细胞成分的区室化对于细胞内生化活性的时空和环境调节至关重要，确保了细胞劳动和资源的合理分配，并提高了代谢过程的效率。然而，区室化也带来了挑战，因为细胞器通常需要跨越这些区室进行通信，以完成反应途径。这些通信信号往往是细胞对环境变化做出反应的关键方面。细胞核是细胞中的一个中央信号枢纽，它与线粒体、溶酶体、内质网和高尔基体进行通信，以确保细胞器和细胞的最佳性能。在这里，我们回顾了这些细胞器与细胞核进行通信的不同机制，重点介绍了线粒体的顺式和反式信号、溶酶体的基于定位的信号、内质网的未折叠蛋白反应，以及核-高尔基体信号的证据。我们还简要概述了一些不太为人所知的非核细胞器之间的通信机制。
