School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2020 Mar;21(3):151-166. doi: 10.1038/s41580-019-0208-1. Epub 2020 Feb 7.
During division, eukaryotic cells undergo a dramatic, complex and coordinated remodelling of their cytoskeleton and membranes. For cell division to occur, chromosomes must be segregated and new cellular structures, such as the spindle apparatus, must be assembled. Pre-existing organelles, such as the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, must be disassembled or remodelled, distributed and reformed. Smaller organelles such as mitochondria as well as cytoplasmic content must also be properly distributed between daughter cells. This mixture of organelles and cytoplasm is bound by a plasma membrane that is itself subject to remodelling as division progresses. The lipids resident in these different membrane compartments play important roles in facilitating the division process. In recent years, we have begun to understand how membrane remodelling is coordinated during division; however, there is still much to learn. In this Review, we discuss recent insights into how these important cellular events are performed and regulated.
在细胞分裂过程中，真核细胞的细胞骨架和膜会经历剧烈、复杂且协调的重塑。为了发生细胞分裂，染色体必须进行分离，新的细胞结构，如纺锤体装置，必须组装。必须拆卸或重塑预先存在的细胞器，如核膜、内质网和高尔基体，然后分配和重新形成。较小的细胞器，如线粒体以及细胞质内容物，也必须在子细胞之间正确分配。这种细胞器和细胞质的混合物被质膜束缚，质膜本身在分裂过程中也会发生重塑。这些不同膜隔室中的脂质在促进分裂过程中起着重要作用。近年来，我们开始了解膜重塑在分裂过程中是如何协调的；然而，仍有许多需要学习的地方。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了最近对这些重要细胞事件如何执行和调节的深入了解。
