Ávila-Román Javier, Gómez-Villegas Patricia, de Carvalho Carla C C R, Vigara Javier, Motilva Virginia, León Rosa, Talero Elena
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González Street, 41012 Seville, Spain.
Laboratory of Biochemistry, Center for Natural Resources, Health, and Environment, Universidad de Huelva, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 May 11;12(5):1080. doi: 10.3390/antiox12051080.
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in the progression of many inflammatory diseases. The search for antioxidants with the ability for scavenging free radicals from the body cells that reduce oxidative damage is essential to prevent and treat these pathologies. Haloarchaea are extremely halophilic microorganisms that inhabit hypersaline environments, such as saltworks or salt lakes, where they have to tolerate high salinity, and elevated ultraviolet (UV) and infrared radiations. To cope with these extreme conditions, haloarchaea have developed singular mechanisms to maintain an osmotic balance with the medium, and are endowed with unique compounds, not found in other species, with bioactive properties that have not been fully explored. This study aims to assess the potential of haloarchaea as a new source of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. A carotenoid-producing haloarchaea was isolated from Odiel Saltworks (OS) and identified on the basis of its 16S rRNA coding gene sequence as a new strain belonging to the genus . The sp. OS acetone extract (HAE) obtained from the biomass contained bacterioruberin and mainly C18 fatty acids, and showed potent antioxidant capacity using ABTS assay. This study further demonstrates, for the first time, that pretreatment with HAE of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages results in a reduction in ROS production, a decrease in the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 levels, and up-regulation of the factor Nrf2 and its target gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), supporting the potential of the HAE as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of oxidative stress-related inflammatory diseases.
活性氧（ROS）的产生在许多炎症性疾病的进展中起着重要作用。寻找具有清除体内细胞自由基能力以减少氧化损伤的抗氧化剂对于预防和治疗这些疾病至关重要。嗜盐古菌是极端嗜盐微生物，栖息于高盐环境中，如盐场或盐湖，在那里它们必须耐受高盐度以及增强的紫外线（UV）和红外线辐射。为了应对这些极端条件，嗜盐古菌已发展出独特机制以维持与介质的渗透平衡，并拥有其他物种中未发现的独特化合物，其生物活性特性尚未得到充分探索。本研究旨在评估嗜盐古菌作为天然抗氧化剂和抗炎剂新来源的潜力。从奥迪尔盐场（OS）分离出一株产类胡萝卜素的嗜盐古菌，并根据其16S rRNA编码基因序列鉴定为属于该属的一个新菌株。从该生物质中获得的sp. OS丙酮提取物（HAE）含有细菌红素和主要的C18脂肪酸，并使用ABTS法显示出强大的抗氧化能力。本研究首次进一步证明，用HAE预处理脂多糖（LPS）刺激的巨噬细胞会导致ROS产生减少、促炎细胞因子TNF-α和IL-6水平降低以及因子Nrf2及其靶基因血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）上调，支持了HAE作为治疗氧化应激相关炎症性疾病治疗剂的潜力。
