Genos Ltd., 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Biomolecules. 2023 Apr 27;13(5):762. doi: 10.3390/biom13050762.
Regular exercise improves health, modulating the immune system and impacting inflammatory status. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation reflects changes in inflammatory status; thus, we investigated the impact of regular exercise on overall inflammatory status by monitoring IgG N-glycosylation in a previously inactive, middle-aged, overweight and obese population (50.30 ± 9.23 years, BMI 30.57 ± 4.81). Study participants ( = 397) underwent one of three different exercise programs lasting three months with blood samples collected at baseline and at the end of intervention. After chromatographically profiling IgG N-glycans, linear mixed models with age and sex adjustment were used to investigate exercise effects on IgG glycosylation. Exercise intervention induced significant changes in IgG N-glycome composition. We observed an increase in agalactosylated, monogalctosylated, asialylated and core-fucosylated N-glycans (padj = 1.00 × 10, 2.41 × 10, 1.51 × 10 and 3.38 × 10, respectively) and a decrease in digalactosylated, mono- and di-sialylated N-glycans (padj = 4.93 × 10, 7.61 × 10 and 1.09 × 10, respectively). We also observed a significant increase in GP9 (glycan structure FA2[3]G1, β = 0.126, padj = 2.05 × 10), previously reported to have a protective cardiovascular role in women, highlighting the importance of regular exercise for cardiovascular health. Other alterations in IgG N-glycosylation reflect an increased pro-inflammatory IgG potential, expected in a previously inactive and overweight population, where metabolic remodeling is in the early stages due to exercise introduction.
定期运动有益于健康，可调节免疫系统并影响炎症状态。免疫球蛋白 G（IgG）N-糖基化反映了炎症状态的变化；因此，我们通过监测以前不活跃、中年、超重和肥胖人群（50.30±9.23 岁，BMI 30.57±4.81）的 IgG N-糖基化来研究定期运动对整体炎症状态的影响。研究参与者（n=397）参加了为期三个月的三种不同运动方案中的一种，在基线和干预结束时采集血液样本。在对 IgG N-聚糖进行色谱分析后，使用线性混合模型进行年龄和性别调整，以研究运动对 IgG 糖基化的影响。运动干预引起了 IgG N-聚糖组成的显著变化。我们观察到去半乳糖基化、单半乳糖基化、去唾液酸化和核心岩藻糖化 N-聚糖（padj=1.00×10、2.41×10、1.51×10 和 3.38×10，分别）增加，双半乳糖基化、单唾液酸化和二唾液酸化 N-聚糖（padj=4.93×10、7.61×10 和 1.09×10，分别）减少。我们还观察到 GP9（聚糖结构 FA2[3]G1，β=0.126，padj=2.05×10）显著增加，此前有研究报道 GP9 对女性具有保护心血管作用，这突显了定期运动对心血管健康的重要性。IgG N-糖基化的其他改变反映了在以前不活跃和超重的人群中，炎症性 IgG 潜力增加，这在由于运动引入而处于早期代谢重塑阶段的人群中是预期的。
