Schibli Kylie, Hirsch Taylor, Byczynski Gabriel, D'Angiulli Amedeo
Neuroscience of Imagination Cognition and Emotion Research (NICER) Lab, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
Brain Sci. 2023 May 11;13(5):783. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13050783.
We assessed the neurocognitive correlates of auditory executive attention in low socioeconomic status 9-12-year-old children-with and without training in a social music program (OrKidstra). Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during an auditory Go/NoGo task utilizing 1100 Hz and 2000 Hz pure tones. We examined Go trials, which required attention, tone discrimination and executive response control. We measured Reaction Times (RTs), accuracy and amplitude of relevant ERP signatures: N100-N200 complex, P300, and Late Potentials (LP). Children also completed a screening test for auditory sensory sensitivity and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-IV) to assess verbal comprehension. OrKidstra children had faster RTs and larger ERP amplitudes to the Go tone. Specifically, compared to their comparison counterparts, they showed more negative-going polarities bilaterally for N1-N2 and LP signatures across the scalp and larger P300s in parietal and right temporal electrodes; some enhancements were lateralized (i.e., left frontal, and right central and parietal electrodes). Because auditory screening yielded no between-group differences, results suggest that music training did not enhance sensory processing but perceptual and attentional skills, possibly shifting from top-down to more bottom-up processes. Findings have implications for socially based music training interventions in school, specifically for socioeconomically disadvantaged children.
我们评估了社会经济地位较低的9至12岁儿童在有或没有接受社会音乐项目（OrKidstra）训练的情况下，听觉执行注意力的神经认知相关性。在一项使用1100赫兹和2000赫兹纯音的听觉Go/NoGo任务中记录事件相关电位（ERP）。我们检查了需要注意力、音调辨别和执行反应控制的Go试验。我们测量了反应时间（RTs）、准确性以及相关ERP信号的幅度：N100-N200复合波、P300和晚期电位（LP）。儿童还完成了听觉感觉敏感性筛查测试和皮博迪图片词汇测试（PPVT-IV）以评估语言理解能力。参与OrKidstra项目的儿童对Go音的反应时间更快，ERP幅度更大。具体而言，与对照组儿童相比，他们在头皮上双侧N1-N2和LP信号显示出更多的负极性，顶叶和右侧颞叶电极处的P波更大；一些增强是单侧化的（即左额叶、右中央和顶叶电极）。由于听觉筛查未发现组间差异，结果表明音乐训练并未增强感觉处理能力，而是增强了感知和注意力技能，可能从自上而下的过程转变为更多的自下而上的过程。这些发现对学校中基于社会的音乐训练干预措施具有启示意义，特别是对于社会经济条件不利的儿童。
