Heart, Mind & Body Research Group, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD P.O. Box 4222, Australia.
Genes (Basel). 2023 Apr 29;14(5):1017. doi: 10.3390/genes14051017.
Neonatal diabetes (NDM) is a rare monogenic disorder that presents as hyperglycemia during the first six months of life. The link between early-life gut microbiota dysbiosis and susceptibility to NDM remains uncertain. Experimental studies have demonstrated that gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) could develop into meconium/gut microbiota dysbiosis in newborns, and thus, it is thought to be a mediator in the pathogenesis of NDM. Epigenetic modifications have been considered as potential mechanisms by which the gut microbiota and susceptibility genes interact with the neonatal immune system. Several epigenome-wide association studies have revealed that GDM is associated with neonatal cord blood and/or placental DNA methylation alterations. However, the mechanisms linking diet in GDM with gut microbiota alterations, which may in turn induce the expression of genes linked to NDM, are yet to be unraveled. Therefore, the focus of this review is to highlight the impacts of diet, gut microbiota, and epigenetic crosstalk on altered gene expression in NDM.
新生儿糖尿病（NDM）是一种罕见的单基因疾病，表现为出生后 6 个月内的高血糖。生命早期肠道微生物群失调与 NDM 易感性之间的联系尚不确定。实验研究表明，妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）可导致新生儿胎粪/肠道微生物群失调，因此，它被认为是 NDM 发病机制中的一个中介。表观遗传修饰被认为是肠道微生物群和易感基因与新生儿免疫系统相互作用的潜在机制。几项全基因组关联研究表明，GDM 与新生儿脐血和/或胎盘 DNA 甲基化改变有关。然而，将 GDM 中的饮食与肠道微生物群改变联系起来的机制，这些改变可能反过来诱导与 NDM 相关的基因表达的机制尚未被揭示。因此，本综述的重点是强调饮食、肠道微生物群和表观遗传相互作用对 NDM 中改变的基因表达的影响。
