Corridore Denise, Saccucci Matteo, Zumbo Giulia, Fontana Erika, Lamazza Luca, Stamegna Claudio, Di Carlo Gabriele, Vozza Iole, Guerra Fabrizio
Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 May 22;11(10):1516. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11101516.
Stress is a physiological response of the body to stressful life events but may not be when the individual is persistently exposed to the stress trigger, and it negatively affects certain physiological functions, thus triggering psychosomatic diseases. In literature, chronic stress and inadequate coping strategies are found to mediate the risk and development of periodontitis; mechanisms have therefore been proposed to explain the effects of stress on the periodontium. Since stress is a prevalent problem in modern life and given the importance of maintaining oral health, the present literature review aimed to estimate the association between stress and periodontal disease. The research question adopted is the following: "Are psychological stress and periodontal disease related?" The search was conducted in August 2022 and limited to articles in electronic databases from 2017 to 2022 in English, excluding reviews and literature reviews. From the electronic databases, a total of 532 articles were identified and became 306 after reviews and duplicates were removed. An additional bibliographic search was conducted through the same electronic databases, controlled terms and keywords including only systematic reviews, which were previously excluded. Through the bibliography cited in the systematic reviews, an additional 18 articles were identified, with a new total of 324. As a result of reading the title and abstract of these 324 articles, an additional 295 were excluded. Reading the full text of the remaining 29 studies, 2 articles were excluded due to non-adherence to the eligibility criteria. The remaining 27 results were included in our literature review. It has been suggested in the literature that adverse socioeconomic conditions elicit a stress response, which can trigger periodontal inflammation. Most of the 27 articles included in the study confirm and demonstrate a positive association between psychological stress and periodontal disease. Numerous studies have shown the mechanisms through which chronic stress negatively affects periodontal tissues. Therefore, in the light of the results obtained from this review, it is important that oral health professionals, also for general health purposes, consider stress factors among the risk factors of periodontal disease, its severity and decreased efficacy of treatments. It is therefore advisable to act preventively through the interception of chronic stress.
压力是身体对压力性生活事件的生理反应，但当个体持续暴露于压力触发因素时可能并非如此，并且它会对某些生理功能产生负面影响，从而引发身心疾病。在文献中，发现慢性压力和不充分的应对策略介导了牙周炎的风险和发展；因此有人提出了一些机制来解释压力对牙周组织的影响。由于压力是现代生活中普遍存在的问题，并且鉴于保持口腔健康的重要性，本综述旨在评估压力与牙周疾病之间的关联。所采用的研究问题如下：“心理压力与牙周疾病有关吗？”检索于2022年8月进行，仅限于2017年至2022年英文电子数据库中的文章，不包括综述和文献综述。从电子数据库中，共识别出532篇文章，经过审核和去除重复项后变为306篇。通过相同的电子数据库进行了额外的文献检索，控制词和关键词仅包括之前排除的系统评价。通过系统评价中引用的参考文献，又识别出18篇文章，新的总数为324篇。阅读这324篇文章的标题和摘要后，又排除了295篇。阅读其余29项研究的全文后，由于不符合纳入标准又排除了2篇文章。其余27项结果被纳入我们的文献综述。文献中表明，不利的社会经济状况会引发压力反应，进而可能引发牙周炎症。该研究纳入的27篇文章中的大多数证实并表明心理压力与牙周疾病之间存在正相关。许多研究已经揭示了慢性压力对牙周组织产生负面影响的机制。因此，鉴于本次综述获得的结果，口腔健康专业人员出于整体健康目的，将压力因素纳入牙周疾病的风险因素、其严重程度以及治疗效果降低的考虑范围是很重要的。因此，建议通过拦截慢性压力来进行预防性干预。
