State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 16;24(10):8842. doi: 10.3390/ijms24108842.
Rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) are small secreted peptide hormones that can induce rapid alkalinization in a medium. They act as signaling molecules in plants, playing a critical role in plant development and growth, especially in plant immunity. Although the function of RALF peptides has been comprehensively analyzed, the evolutionary mechanism of RALFs in symbiosis has not been studied. In this study, 41, 24, 17 and 12 were identified in , soybean, and , respectively. A comparative analysis including the molecular characteristics and conserved motifs suggested that the RALF pre-peptides in soybean represented a higher value of isoelectric point and more conservative motifs/residues composition than other species. All 94 RALFs were divided into two clades according to the phylogenetic analysis. Chromosome distribution and synteny analysis suggested that the expansion of the gene family in mainly depended on tandem duplication, while segment duplication played a dominant role in legume species. The expression levels of most in soybean were significantly affected by the treatment of rhizobia. Seven are potentially involved in the release of rhizobia in the cortex cells. Overall, our research provides novel insights into the understanding of the role of the gene family in nodule symbiosis.
快速酸化因子 (RALF) 是一种小的分泌性肽激素，可以在培养基中诱导快速碱化。它们作为植物中的信号分子，在植物发育和生长中起着关键作用，特别是在植物免疫中。虽然 RALF 肽的功能已被全面分析，但共生中 RALF 的进化机制尚未得到研究。在这项研究中，在 、大豆、和 中分别鉴定出 41、24、17 和 12 个。包括分子特征和保守基序的比较分析表明，大豆中的 RALF 前肽具有比其他物种更高的等电点和更保守的基序/残基组成。根据系统发育分析，94 个 RALF 分为两个分支。染色体分布和同线性分析表明，在 中，基因家族的扩张主要依赖于串联重复，而片段重复在豆科植物中起主导作用。大多数 在大豆中的表达水平受到根瘤菌处理的显著影响。有 7 个 可能参与了皮层细胞中根瘤菌的释放。总的来说，我们的研究为理解 基因家族在根瘤共生中的作用提供了新的见解。
