Lee Eun Jae, Kim Joo-Hee, Choi Hyo Geun, Kang Ho Suk, Lim Hyun, Kim Ji Hee, Cho Seong-Jin, Nam Eun Sook, Park Ha Young, Kim Nan Young, Kwon Mi Jung
College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea.
J Pers Med. 2023 Apr 25;13(5):721. doi: 10.3390/jpm13050721.
Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of allergic diseases. However, there is limited information on these factors in the Korean population. This study investigated the importance of genetic and environmental factors in allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, or atopic dermatitis, by comparing the disease incidence in Korean adult monozygotic and dizygotic twins. This cross-sectional study utilized data from 1296 twin pairs, including 1052 monozygotic and 244 dizygotic twins, aged over 20 years, from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (2005-2014). The study utilized binomial and multinomial logistic regression models to compute odds ratios of disease concordance. The concordance rate (92%) of the presence or absence of atopic dermatitis in monozygotic twins was slightly higher than that in dizygotic twins (90.2%), which only had a borderline significance ( = 0.090). The concordance rates of other allergic diseases within monozygotic twins were lower compared to dizygotic twins (asthma, 94.3% vs. 95.1%; allergic rhinitis, 77.5% vs. 78.7%; allergic conjunctivitis, 90.6% vs. 91.8%), of which the differences were not statistically significant. Monozygotic twins had a higher proportion of cases in which both siblings had allergic diseases than dizygotic twins (asthma, 1.1% vs. 0.0%; allergic rhinitis, 6.7% vs. 3.3%; atopic dermatitis, 2.9% vs. 0.0%; allergic conjunctivitis, 1.5% vs. 0.0%), of which the differences were also not statistically significant. In conclusion, our results appear to indicate the relative importance of environmental factors over genetic factor in the development of allergic diseases in Korean adult monozygotic twins.
多项流行病学研究表明，遗传和环境因素会导致过敏性疾病的发生。然而，韩国人群中关于这些因素的信息有限。本研究通过比较韩国成年同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎的疾病发病率，调查了遗传和环境因素在过敏性鼻炎、哮喘、过敏性结膜炎或特应性皮炎等过敏性疾病中的重要性。这项横断面研究利用了来自韩国基因组与流行病学研究（2005 - 2014年）的1296对双胞胎的数据，其中包括1052对同卵双胞胎和244对异卵双胞胎，年龄均超过20岁。该研究使用二项式和多项逻辑回归模型来计算疾病一致性的比值比。同卵双胞胎中特应性皮炎存在与否的一致性率（92%）略高于异卵双胞胎（90.2%），但仅具有临界显著性（P = 0.090）。与异卵双胞胎相比，同卵双胞胎中其他过敏性疾病的一致性率较低（哮喘，94.3%对95.1%；过敏性鼻炎，77.5%对78.7%；过敏性结膜炎，90.6%对91.8%），其中差异无统计学意义。同卵双胞胎中两个兄弟姐妹都患有过敏性疾病的病例比例高于异卵双胞胎（哮喘，1.1%对0.0%；过敏性鼻炎，6.7%对3.3%；特应性皮炎，2.9%对0.0%；过敏性结膜炎，1.5%对0.0%），其中差异也无统计学意义。总之，我们的结果似乎表明，在韩国成年同卵双胞胎过敏性疾病的发生中，环境因素比遗传因素更为重要。
