Kasimir Matthias, Wolbeck Alessa, Behrens Matthias, Humpf Hans-Ulrich
Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
ACS Omega. 2023 May 12;8(20):18266-18274. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01990. eCollection 2023 May 23.
Due to the presence of the steroidal glycoalkaloid solanine, the potato was chosen as Germany's poisonous plant of the year 2022. Steroidal glycoalkaloids are secondary plant metabolites which have been reported to induce toxic as well as beneficial health effects. Nevertheless, data regarding occurrence, toxicokinetics, and metabolism of steroidal glycoalkaloids is scarce, and substantially more research is required for a proper risk assessment. Therefore, the intestinal metabolism of solanine, chaconine, solasonine, solamargine, and tomatine was investigated using the ex vivo pig cecum model. All steroidal glycoalkaloids were degraded by the porcine intestinal microbiota, releasing the respective aglycon. Furthermore, the hydrolysis rate was strongly dependent on the linked carbohydrate side chain. Solanine and solasonine, which are linked to a solatriose, were metabolized significantly faster than the chaconine and solamargin, which are linked to a chacotriose. In addition, stepwise cleavage of the carbohydrate side chain and the formation of β- and γ-intermediates were detected by HPLC-HRMS. The results provide valuable insights into the intestinal metabolism of selected steroidal glycoalkaloids and help to reduce uncertainties and improve risk assessment.
由于甾体糖苷生物碱龙葵碱的存在，土豆被选为2022年德国的有毒植物。甾体糖苷生物碱是植物的次生代谢产物，据报道具有毒性以及有益健康的作用。然而，关于甾体糖苷生物碱的存在、毒代动力学和代谢的数据稀缺，需要进行更多研究以进行适当的风险评估。因此，使用离体猪盲肠模型研究了龙葵碱、查茄碱、澳洲茄碱、茄解碱和番茄碱的肠道代谢。所有甾体糖苷生物碱都被猪肠道微生物群降解，释放出各自的苷元。此外，水解速率强烈依赖于连接的碳水化合物侧链。与茄三糖连接的龙葵碱和澳洲茄碱的代谢速度明显快于与查茄三糖连接的查茄碱和茄解碱。此外，通过HPLC-HRMS检测到碳水化合物侧链的逐步裂解以及β-和γ-中间体的形成。这些结果为所选甾体糖苷生物碱的肠道代谢提供了有价值的见解，并有助于减少不确定性和改进风险评估。
