Reimer Vanessa, Kanning Martina K
Department of Sport Science, Social and Health, Sciences University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
Front Psychiatry. 2023 May 12;14:1111602. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1111602. eCollection 2023.
Physical exercise interventions improve quality of life in people with mental disorders and improve abstinence and cravings in substance use disorders patients in both the short term and long term. In people with mental illness, physical exercise interventions significantly reduce psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia and symptoms of anxiety. For forensic psychiatry, there is little empirical evidence supporting mental health-enhancing effects of physical exercise interventions. Interventional studies in forensic psychiatry deal mainly with three problems: heterogeneity of the individuals, a small sample size, and a low compliance rate. Intensive longitudinal case studies could be a suitable approach to address these methodological challenges in forensic psychiatry. This study uses an intensive longitudinal design to determine whether forensic psychiatric patients are content to complete several data assessments per day over the course of several weeks. The feasibility of this approach is operationalized by the compliance rate. Additionally, single-case studies examine the effects of sports therapy (ST) on momentary affective states (energetic arousal, valence, and calmness). The results of these case studies reveal one aspect of feasibility and offer insights into the effects of forensic psychiatric ST on the affective states among patients with different conditions. The patients' momentary affective states were recorded before (PRE), after (POST) and 1 h after (FoUp1h) ST by questionnaires. Ten individuals (M = 31.7, SD = 11.94; 60% male) participated in the study. A total of 130 questionnaires were completed. To perform the single-case studies, data of three patients were considered. Repeated-measures ANOVA was performed for the individual affective states to test for main effects of ST. Due to the results, ST has no significant effect on none of the three affect dimensions. However, effect sizes varied between small to medium (energetic arousal: η = 0.01, η = 0.07, η = 0.06; valence: η = 0.07; calmness: η = 0.02) in the three patients. Intensive longitudinal case studies are a possible approach to address heterogeneity and the low sample size. The low compliance rate in this study reveals that the study design needs to be optimized for future studies.
体育锻炼干预可改善精神障碍患者的生活质量，并在短期和长期内改善物质使用障碍患者的戒酒情况及减少其对成瘾物质的渴望。在患有精神疾病的人群中，体育锻炼干预可显著减轻精神分裂症的精神症状及焦虑症状。对于法医精神病学而言，几乎没有实证证据支持体育锻炼干预对心理健康的促进作用。法医精神病学的干预研究主要涉及三个问题：个体的异质性、样本量小以及依从率低。密集纵向案例研究可能是解决法医精神病学中这些方法学挑战的合适方法。本研究采用密集纵向设计来确定法医精神病学患者是否愿意在数周时间内每天完成多项数据评估。这种方法的可行性通过依从率来衡量。此外，单案例研究考察了运动疗法（ST）对瞬时情感状态（精力激发、效价和平静度）的影响。这些案例研究的结果揭示了可行性的一个方面，并为法医精神病学运动疗法对不同病情患者情感状态的影响提供了见解。通过问卷在运动疗法前（PRE）、后（POST）以及后1小时（FoUp1h）记录患者的瞬时情感状态。10名个体（M = 31.7，SD = 11.94；60%为男性）参与了该研究。共完成了130份问卷。为进行单案例研究，考虑了三名患者的数据。对个体情感状态进行重复测量方差分析以检验运动疗法的主要效应。基于结果，运动疗法对三个情感维度均无显著影响。然而，三名患者的效应大小在小到中等之间变化（精力激发：η = 0.01，η = 0.07，η = 0.06；效价：η = 0.07；平静度：η = 0.02）。密集纵向案例研究是解决异质性和小样本量问题的一种可能方法。本研究中的低依从率表明，未来研究需要优化研究设计。
