Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, Karlsruhe, 76187, Germany.
Department of eHealth and Sports Analytics, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Gesundheitscampus-Nord 10, Bochum, 44801, Germany.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2023 Sep 30;20(1):117. doi: 10.1186/s12966-023-01507-0.
Physical behavior (PB) is a key lifestyle factor in regulating and preventing diseases across the lifespan. Researchers identified affective, cognitive, and contextual factors like weather conditions, as significant contributors in determining if individuals are physically active. However, there is scarce empirical evidence about potential associations between PB and affective states influenced by weather conditions in daily life. Therefore, we explored if weather conditions moderated the within-subject association between momentary affective states and subsequent PB.
Utilizing ambulatory assessment, 79 participants completed electronic diaries about their affective states (i.e., valence, energetic arousal, and calmness) up to six times a day over five days, and their PB (i.e., physical activity and sedentariness) was simultaneously recorded via accelerometers. Weather conditions (i.e., temperature and precipitation) recorded near participants' locations served as moderators in the multilevel analyses.
We confirmed earlier findings associating affective states with PB. Increased valence and energetic arousal were positively associated with physical activity (β = 0.007; p < .001), whereas calmness predicted lower levels of physical activity (β = -0.006; p < .001). Higher levels of calmness showed a positive association with sedentary behavior (β = 0.054; p = .003). In addition, we revealed a significant positive association between temperature, as a momentary weather condition, and physical activity (β = 0.025; p = .015). Furthermore, we showed that the association of affective states and physical activity was moderated by temperature. Higher temperatures enhanced the positive effects of valence on physical activity (β = .001, p = .023) and attenuated the negative effects of calmness on physical activity (β = .001, p = .021). Moreover, higher temperatures enhanced the positive effects of valence on reduced sedentary behavior (β = -0.011, p = .043).
Temperature alterations appeared to have an impact on subsequent physical activity. Furthermore, temperature alterations moderated the influence of affective states on conducted physical activity. This might offer the opportunity for just-in-time adaptive interventions to intervene in individually appropriate environmental conditions for promoting physical activity.
身体活动（PB）是调节和预防全生命周期疾病的关键生活方式因素。研究人员发现，情感、认知和环境因素，如天气条件，是决定个体是否进行身体活动的重要因素。然而，关于日常生活中 PB 与受天气条件影响的情感状态之间潜在关联的实证证据很少。因此，我们探讨了天气条件是否调节了即时情感状态与随后的 PB 之间的个体内关联。
利用动态评估，79 名参与者在五天内每天最多六次完成关于他们的情感状态（即效价、精力唤起和平静）的电子日记，并且他们的 PB（即体力活动和久坐行为）通过加速度计同时记录。参与者所在地附近记录的天气条件（即温度和降水）作为多层次分析中的调节因素。
我们证实了先前将情感状态与 PB 相关联的发现。效价和精力唤起的增加与体力活动呈正相关（β=0.007；p<.001），而平静度则与较低水平的体力活动相关（β=-0.006；p<.001）。更高的平静度与久坐行为呈正相关（β=0.054；p=0.003）。此外，我们发现，作为即时天气条件的温度与体力活动之间存在显著正相关（β=0.025；p=0.015）。此外，我们表明，情感状态和体力活动之间的关联受到温度的调节。较高的温度增强了效价对体力活动的积极影响（β=0.001，p=0.023），并减弱了平静度对体力活动的负面影响（β=0.001，p=0.021）。此外，较高的温度增强了效价对减少久坐行为的积极影响（β=-0.011，p=0.043）。
温度变化似乎对随后的体力活动产生影响。此外，温度变化调节了情感状态对进行中的体力活动的影响。这可能为即时自适应干预提供机会，以便在促进体力活动的个体适当环境条件下进行干预。
