School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, NO. 199 Chang'an South Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710062, Shaanxi Province, China.
Shaanxi Universities Psychological Quality Education Research Institute, NO. 563 Chang'an Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
BMC Psychol. 2023 May 30;11(1):172. doi: 10.1186/s40359-023-01214-2.
Higher vocational college students face more life stress, which can easily result in depression and hinder their healthy growth. This study aimed to explore the roles of survival situation and personality temperament in the relationship between life stress and depression.
A self-compiled "College Students' Life Stress and Mental Health Questionnaire" was used to survey 4800 students in a Chinese higher vocational college. The questionnaire consisted of five subscales: life stressors scale, stress response scale, depression scale, personality temperament types scale, and survival situations scale. The sample included 4705 students, of whom 3449 (73.30%) were males and 1256 (26.70%) were females, with 990 urban students (21.04%), 3715 rural students (78.96%). The age of the participants ranged from 17 to 33 years. The data were analyzed using SPSS v26, PROCESS v3.3, and AMOS v23.
(1) The depression rate of higher vocational students was 18.10% (with a severe depression rate of 1.60%). Life stress could explain 43.80% of depressive episodes (p < 0.01), (2) Among survival situations, the depression degree and rate of students in adversity were the highest (M = 1.56, 24.10%), (3) Among temperament types, the depression degree and rate of melancholic students were the highest (M = 2.13, 36.05%), (4) Survival situation and personality temperament had significant moderating interaction effects on depression caused by life stress (p < 0.01), students in adversity and depressive temperament were more susceptible, (5) Survival situations moderated three paths of the "life stressors-stress response-depression" partial mediation model, and personality temperament types moderated "stress response-depression" path.
Prosperity and sanguine temperament are protective factors of depression caused by life stress in higher vocational students. Dilemma, adversity and melancholic temperament are risk factors of depression caused by life stress in higher vocational students.
高职学生面临更多的生活压力，容易产生抑郁，影响其健康成长。本研究旨在探讨生存状况和人格气质在生活压力与抑郁关系中的作用。
采用自编的《大学生生活压力与心理健康问卷》对某高职院校 4800 名学生进行调查，问卷包括生活压力源量表、应激反应量表、抑郁量表、人格气质类型量表、生存状况量表 5 个分量表。样本包含 4705 名学生，其中男生 3449 名（73.30%），女生 1256 名（26.70%），城市学生 990 名（21.04%），农村学生 3715 名（78.96%），年龄 17~33 岁。采用 SPSS v26、PROCESS v3.3、AMOS v23 进行数据分析。
（1）高职学生抑郁检出率为 18.10%（其中重度抑郁检出率为 1.60%）。生活压力可以解释抑郁发作的 43.80%（p<0.01）；（2）生存状况中，逆境学生的抑郁程度和抑郁发生率最高（M=1.56，24.10%）；（3）气质类型中，抑郁程度和抑郁发生率最高的是忧郁型学生（M=2.13，36.05%）；（4）生存状况和人格气质对生活压力导致的抑郁有显著的调节作用（p<0.01），逆境学生和抑郁气质学生更易受影响；（5）生存状况调节了“生活压力源-应激反应-抑郁”部分中介模型的 3 条路径，人格气质类型调节了“应激反应-抑郁”路径。
繁荣和乐观气质是高职学生生活压力导致抑郁的保护因素。困境、逆境和忧郁气质是高职学生生活压力导致抑郁的危险因素。
