Department of Preventive Gerontology, Centre for Gerontology and Social Science, National Centre for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka-Cho, Obu City, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan.
BMC Public Health. 2023 May 30;23(1):998. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15932-0.
The current study examines the negative impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emergency declarations on physical activity among the community-dwelling older adults, the participants of a physical activity measurement program, in Japan.
This retrospective observational study included 1,773 community-dwelling older adults (aged 74.6 ± 6.3 years, 53.9% women) who had participated in the physical activity measurement project from February 2020 to July 2021. We measured physical activity using a tri-axial accelerometer during 547 consecutive days. Three emergency declarations, requesting people to avoid going outside, occurred during the observational period. We multiply-imputed missing values for daily physical activity, such as steps, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for several patterns of datasets according to the maximum missing rates on a person level. We mainly report the results based on less than 50% of the maximum missing rate (n = 1,056). Other results are reported in the supplemental file. Changes in physical activity before and after the start of each emergency declaration were examined by the regression discontinuity design (RDD) within 14-, 28-, and 56-day bandwidths.
For all the participants in the multiply-imputed data with the 14-day bandwidth, steps (coefficients [[Formula: see text]][Formula: see text] 964.3 steps), LPA ([Formula: see text] 5.5 min), and MVPA ([Formula: see text] 4.9 min) increased after the first emergency declaration. However, the effects were attenuated as the RDD bandwidths were widened. No consistent negative impact was observed after the second and third declarations. After the second declaration, steps ([Formula: see text]-609.7 steps), LPA ([Formula: see text]-4.6 min), and MVPA ([Formula: see text]-2.8 min) decreased with the 14-day bandwidth. On the other hand, steps ([Formula: see text] 143.8 steps) and MVPA ([Formula: see text] 1.3 min) increased with the 56-day bandwidth. For the third declaration, LPA consistently decreased with all the bandwidths ([Formula: see text]-2.1, -3.0, -0.8 min for the 14, 28, 56-day bandwidth), whereas steps ([Formula: see text]-529 steps) and MVPA ([Formula: see text]-2.6 min) decreased only with the 28-day bandwidth.
For the community-dwelling older adults who regularly self-monitor their physical activity, the current study concludes that there is no evidence of consistently negative impacts of the emergency declarations by the COVID-19 pandemic.
本研究考察了 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）紧急声明对日本社区居住的老年参与者身体活动的负面影响，这些参与者是身体活动测量计划的一部分。
本回顾性观察研究纳入了 1773 名社区居住的老年人（年龄 74.6±6.3 岁，53.9%为女性），他们参加了 2020 年 2 月至 2021 年 7 月期间的身体活动测量项目。我们使用三轴加速度计在连续 547 天内测量身体活动。在观察期间发生了三次紧急声明，要求人们避免外出。我们根据个人层面上的最大缺失率，对每日身体活动（如步数、低强度身体活动（LPA）和中高强度身体活动（MVPA））的缺失值进行了多次数据集的多重插补。我们主要报告基于缺失率低于 50%（n=1056）的结果。其他结果在补充文件中报告。通过回归不连续设计（RDD）在 14 天、28 天和 56 天的带宽内检查每次紧急声明开始前后身体活动的变化。
对于所有在 14 天带宽下进行多重插补数据的参与者，步数（系数[[公式：见文本]][公式：见文本]964.3 步）、LPA（[公式：见文本]5.5 分钟）和 MVPA（[公式：见文本]4.9 分钟）在第一次紧急声明后增加。然而，随着 RDD 带宽的扩大，影响减弱。第二次和第三次声明后没有观察到一致的负面影响。第二次声明后，随着 14 天带宽的变化，步数（[公式：见文本]-609.7 步）、LPA（[公式：见文本]-4.6 分钟）和 MVPA（[公式：见文本]-2.8 分钟）减少。另一方面，随着 56 天带宽的变化，步数（[公式：见文本]143.8 步）和 MVPA（[公式：见文本]1.3 分钟）增加。对于第三次声明，随着所有带宽的变化，LPA 持续减少（14、28、56 天带宽时分别为-[公式：见文本]-2.1、-3.0、-0.8 分钟），而步数（[公式：见文本]-529 步）和 MVPA（[公式：见文本]-2.6 分钟）仅随着 28 天带宽的变化而减少。
对于经常自我监测身体活动的社区居住老年人，本研究的结论是，没有证据表明 COVID-19 大流行期间的紧急声明有持续的负面影响。
