Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2023 Sep;33(9):1807-1820. doi: 10.1111/sms.14415. Epub 2023 May 30.
To examine the associations between longitudinal physical activity (PA) patterns and the development of cardiometabolic risk factors from adolescence to young adulthood.
This cohort study encompassed 250 participants recruited from sports clubs and schools, and examined at mean age 15 and 19. Device-measured moderate-to-vigorous PA was grouped into five patterns (via a data-driven method, using inactivity maintainers as a reference). The outcomes were: glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI). Linear growth curve models were applied with adjustment for sex, age, fruit/vegetable consumption, cigarette/snuff use, and change in the device wear-time.
Insulin and BMI increased among decreasers from moderate to low PA (β for insulin 0.23, 95% CI 0.03-0.46; β for BMI 0.90; CI 0.02-1.78). The concentration of HDL cholesterol decreased (β -0.18, CI -0.31 to -0.05) and that of glucose increased (β 0.18, CI 0.02-0.35) among decreasers from high to moderate PA. By contrast, among increasers, blood pressure declined (systolic β -6.43, CI -12.16 to -0.70; diastolic β -6.72, CI -11.03 to -2.41).
Already during the transition to young adulthood, changes in PA are associated with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. Favorable blood pressure changes were found among PA increasers. Unfavorable changes in BMI, insulin, glucose, and HDL cholesterol were found in groups with decreasing PA. The changes were dependent on the baseline PA and the magnitude of the PA decline.
研究青少年至成年早期纵向体力活动（PA）模式与心血管代谢危险因素发展之间的关联。
本队列研究纳入了 250 名来自体育俱乐部和学校的参与者，在平均年龄为 15 岁和 19 岁时进行了检查。使用设备测量的中等到剧烈的 PA 被分为五种模式（通过一种数据驱动的方法，以不活动维持者为参照）。结果包括：血糖、胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗评估的稳态模型（HOMA-IR）、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯、血压和体重指数（BMI）。应用线性增长曲线模型，调整性别、年龄、水果/蔬菜摄入量、香烟/鼻烟使用以及设备佩戴时间的变化。
从中等到低 PA 减少的参与者中，胰岛素和 BMI 增加（胰岛素增加 0.23，95%置信区间 0.03-0.46；BMI 增加 0.90，95%置信区间 0.02-1.78）。从高到中 PA 减少的参与者中，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度降低（-0.18，95%置信区间 -0.31 至 -0.05），血糖浓度升高（0.18，95%置信区间 0.02-0.35）。相比之下，在 PA 增加的参与者中，血压下降（收缩压 -6.43，95%置信区间 -12.16 至 -0.70；舒张压 -6.72，95%置信区间 -11.03 至 -2.41）。
在向成年早期过渡期间，PA 的变化与心血管代谢危险因素的变化有关。PA 增加的参与者中血压变化有利。PA 减少的组中发现 BMI、胰岛素、血糖和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的不利变化。这些变化取决于基线 PA 和 PA 下降的幅度。
