Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, PL 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
UKK Institute of Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, FI-33500, Tampere, Finland.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2021 Jun 30;18(1):85. doi: 10.1186/s12966-021-01130-x.
BACKGROUND: Longitudinal studies demonstrate an average decline in physical activity (PA) from adolescence to young adulthood. However, while some subgroups of adolescents decrease activity, others increase or maintain high or low activity. Activity domains may differ between subgroups (exhibiting different PA patterns), and they offer valuable information for targeted health promotion. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify PA patterns from adolescence to young adulthood; also to explore the associations of (i) changes in PA domains and in sedentary time, (ii) sociodemographic factors, and (iii) self-rated health with diverging PA patterns. METHODS: The observational cohort study data encompassed 254 adolescents at age 15 and age 19. K-means cluster analysis for longitudinal data was performed to identify participant clusters (patterns) based on their accelerometry-measured moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Logistic regressions were applied in further analysis. RESULTS: Five PA patterns were identified: inactivity maintainers (n = 71), activity maintainers (n = 70), decreasers from moderate (to low) PA (n = 61), decreasers from high (to moderate) PA (n = 32), and increasers (n = 20). At age 15, participation in sports clubs (SC, 41-97%) and active commuting (AC, 47-75%) was common in all the patterns. By age 19, clear dropout from these activities was prevalent (SC participation mean 32%, AC 31-63%). Inactivity maintainers reported the lowest amount of weekly school physical education. Dropout from SC - in contrast to non-participation in SC - was associated with higher odds of being a decreaser from high PA, and with lower odds of being an inactivity maintainer. Maintained SC participation was associated with higher odds of belonging to the decreasers from high PA, and to the combined group of activity maintainers and increasers; also with lower odds of being an inactivity maintainer. Maintenance/adoption of AC was associated with decreased odds of being an inactivity maintainer. Self-reported health at age 19 was associated with the patterns of maintained activity and inactivity. CONCLUSIONS: PA patterns diverge over the transition to adulthood. Changes in SC participation and AC show different associations with diverging PA patterns. Hence, tailored PA promotion is recommended.
背景：纵向研究表明，青少年到成年早期的身体活动（PA）呈平均下降趋势。然而，尽管有些青少年亚组的活动减少，但其他亚组的活动增加或保持高或低水平。活动领域可能因亚组而异（表现出不同的 PA 模式），它们为有针对性的健康促进提供了有价值的信息。因此，本研究的目的是确定青少年到成年早期的 PA 模式；还探讨了（i）PA 领域和久坐时间的变化，（ii）社会人口因素，以及（iii）自我报告的健康与不同 PA 模式的关系。 方法：该观察性队列研究数据包括 254 名 15 岁和 19 岁的青少年。使用纵向数据的 K-均值聚类分析，根据加速度计测量的中等到剧烈 PA（MVPA）对参与者进行聚类（模式）分析。进一步分析采用逻辑回归。 结果：确定了五种 PA 模式：不活动维持者（n=71）、活动维持者（n=70）、从中等到低 PA 减少者（n=61）、从高到中 PA 减少者（n=32）和增加者（n=20）。在 15 岁时，所有模式中都常见参加体育俱乐部（SC，41-97%）和积极通勤（AC，47-75%）。到 19 岁时，这些活动的明显退出很普遍（SC 参与率平均为 32%，AC 为 31-63%）。不活动维持者报告的每周学校体育课最少。与不参加 SC 相比，退出 SC 与更有可能成为高 PA 的减少者，以及不太可能成为不活动维持者有关。维持 SC 参与与属于高 PA 减少者和活动维持者和增加者的综合组的可能性更高有关；也与不太可能成为不活动维持者有关。维持/采用 AC 与成为不活动维持者的可能性降低有关。19 岁时的自我报告健康状况与维持活动和不活动的模式有关。 结论：PA 模式在向成年期过渡时会发生变化。SC 参与和 AC 的变化与不同的 PA 模式变化有不同的关系。因此，建议进行有针对性的 PA 促进。
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