Toubas P L, Duke J C, McCaffree M A, Mattice C D, Bendell D, Orr W C
Pediatrics. 1986 Jul;78(1):159-63.
To evaluate the relationship of antecedent maternal smoking and caffeine consumption habits on the occurrence of apnea in their offspring, rates for central and obstructive apnea were analyzed in a cohort of mother-infant pairs. The mothers of 298 infants with apnea responded to a questionnaire completed prior to a nine-hour polysomnogram performed as part of the patients' evaluations. Cigarette consumption estimates were computed on a 20-cigarette per pack basis, and caffeine intake, based on dietary sources (coffee, tea, chocolate, and colas), was summarized as milligrams of caffeine consumed per day. Rates of central and obstructive apnea of 6 to 10 seconds in duration were calculated. Multiple linear regression analysis determined that smokers tended to be younger and have lower birth weight infants who presented earlier with apnea than infants of nonsmokers. Increased rates of central apnea occurred in infants of smokers as compared with infants of nonsmokers. During pregnancy, a pack per day increase in maternal smoking habit was associated with a 1.88/h increase in central apneas in their offspring (P less than .01). Maternal smoking after delivery had a similar relationship. Obstructive apnea rates were similar in both groups. Both central and obstructive apnea rates associated positively with increasing maternal caffeine consumption. Smoking habits and caffeine ingestion were correlated (P less than .01). Infants with apnea have greater rates of central apnea when their mothers smoke during pregnancy. Therefore, a history of nicotine consumption should be included in the medical history of infants presenting with apnea.
为评估母亲孕期吸烟及咖啡因摄入习惯与其后代呼吸暂停发生情况之间的关系，对一组母婴对的中枢性和阻塞性呼吸暂停发生率进行了分析。298名患有呼吸暂停的婴儿的母亲对一份在作为患者评估一部分进行的9小时多导睡眠图检查之前完成的问卷进行了回应。香烟消费量估计以每包20支香烟为基础计算，咖啡因摄入量基于饮食来源（咖啡、茶、巧克力和可乐），总结为每天摄入咖啡因的毫克数。计算了持续时间为6至10秒的中枢性和阻塞性呼吸暂停发生率。多元线性回归分析确定，吸烟者往往更年轻，其婴儿出生体重较低，且比不吸烟者的婴儿更早出现呼吸暂停。与不吸烟者的婴儿相比，吸烟者的婴儿中枢性呼吸暂停发生率增加。孕期母亲吸烟习惯每天增加一包，其后代中枢性呼吸暂停发生率每小时增加1.88次（P<0.01）。产后母亲吸烟也有类似关系。两组的阻塞性呼吸暂停发生率相似。中枢性和阻塞性呼吸暂停发生率均与母亲咖啡因摄入量增加呈正相关。吸烟习惯与咖啡因摄入相关（P<0.01）。母亲在孕期吸烟时，患有呼吸暂停的婴儿中枢性呼吸暂停发生率更高。因此，有呼吸暂停症状的婴儿的病史中应包括尼古丁消费史。
