2020-2021 年捷克共和国一家妇产医院孕妇流感疫苗接种情况。
Vaccination against influenza in pregnant women in a maternity hospital in the Czech Republic in the season 2020-2021.
机构信息
Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.
Third Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2023 May 31;23(1):1029. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15911-5.
OBJECTIVES
Pregnant women are among the priority groups to receive influenza vaccines in the Czech Republic since 2011, data on vaccination coverage are not yet available. The aim of the study was to determine the influenza vaccination coverage (IVC) and provide source data for further activities.
METHODS
A prospective observational study was performed in a large maternity hospital in Prague. The self-completed questionnaire was distributed to 5,475 pregnant women between September 1, 2020 and August 31, 2021. Questions included maternal sociodemographic characteristics, influenza vaccination status and sources of maternal vaccination recommendations during pregnancy.
RESULTS
A total of 4,617 completed questionnaires have been analysed. The median age of study participants (N = 4,592) was 33 years (range: 18-51 years). The majority (69.7%) of women had completed their university education, most women were childless (58.5%) or had one child (32.5%) before the start of the study. Less than 2% of women reported being vaccinated against influenza during their pregnancy (1.5%; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9%). Only 21% of women knew that it's possible to get vaccinated against influenza during pregnancy. Participants considered influenza vaccination in pregnancy as important (3.3%), useful (41.1%) and useless (44.4%). Out of 959 pregnant women who had information about influenza vaccination during pregnancy, only 6.9% were vaccinated, while among those who did not have this information, 0.1% were vaccinated during pregnancy (p < 0.001). The most frequent source of information was Internet, then media and a general practitioner.
CONCLUSIONS
The IVC during pregnancy in our study was extremely low. In order to improve IVC among pregnant women, it is necessary to increase awareness of recommendations and vaccination options among the public and professionals and incorporating vaccination recommendation in routine antenatal practice.
目的
自 2011 年以来，孕妇一直是捷克优先接种流感疫苗的人群之一，但目前尚无疫苗接种覆盖率的数据。本研究的目的是确定孕妇的流感疫苗接种率（IVC），并为进一步的活动提供原始数据。
方法
这是一项在布拉格一家大型妇产医院进行的前瞻性观察研究。2020 年 9 月 1 日至 2021 年 8 月 31 日期间，向 5475 名孕妇分发了自填式问卷。问卷内容包括产妇的社会人口统计学特征、流感疫苗接种状况以及怀孕期间获得疫苗接种建议的来源。
结果
共分析了 4617 份完整的问卷。研究参与者的中位数年龄（N=4592）为 33 岁（范围：18-51 岁）。大多数（69.7%）女性完成了大学教育，大多数女性在研究开始前没有孩子（58.5%）或只有一个孩子（32.5%）。不到 2%的女性报告在怀孕期间接种过流感疫苗（1.5%；95%可信区间，1.1-1.9%）。只有 21%的女性知道怀孕期间可以接种流感疫苗。参与者认为孕妇接种流感疫苗很重要（3.3%）、有用（41.1%）和无用（44.4%）。在 959 名有怀孕期间流感疫苗接种信息的孕妇中，只有 6.9%接种了疫苗，而在没有该信息的孕妇中，0.1%在怀孕期间接种了疫苗（p<0.001）。信息的最常见来源是互联网，其次是媒体和全科医生。
结论
本研究中孕妇的 IVC 极低。为了提高孕妇的 IVC，有必要提高公众和专业人员对建议和接种选择的认识，并将接种建议纳入常规产前实践。
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