Grossman Scott, Fishwick Colin W G, McPhillie Martin J
School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Feb 8;16(2):261. doi: 10.3390/ph16020261.
Increases in antibiotic usage and antimicrobial resistance occurrence have caused a dramatic reduction in the effectiveness of many frontline antimicrobial treatments. Topoisomerase inhibitors including fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics used to treat a range of infections, which stabilise a topoisomerase-DNA cleavage complex via intercalation of the bound DNA. However, these are subject to bacterial resistance, predominantly in the form of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the active site. Significant research has been undertaken searching for novel bioactive molecules capable of inhibiting bacterial topoisomerases at sites distal to the fluoroquinolone binding site. Notably, researchers have undertaken searches for anti-infective agents that can inhibit topoisomerases through alternate mechanisms. This review summarises work looking at the inhibition of topoisomerases predominantly through non-intercalating agents, including those acting at a novel allosteric site, ATPase domain inhibitors, and those offering unique binding modes and mechanisms of action.
抗生素使用量的增加和抗菌药物耐药性的出现,已导致许多一线抗菌治疗的有效性大幅下降。包括氟喹诺酮类在内的拓扑异构酶抑制剂是用于治疗多种感染的广谱抗生素,它们通过嵌入结合的DNA来稳定拓扑异构酶-DNA裂解复合物。然而,这些药物容易产生细菌耐药性,主要形式是活性位点的单核苷酸多态性。人们已经开展了大量研究,寻找能够在氟喹诺酮结合位点远端抑制细菌拓扑异构酶的新型生物活性分子。值得注意的是,研究人员一直在寻找能够通过替代机制抑制拓扑异构酶的抗感染药物。本综述总结了主要通过非嵌入剂抑制拓扑异构酶的研究工作,包括作用于新型变构位点的药物、ATP酶结构域抑制剂,以及具有独特结合模式和作用机制的药物。