Pereira Hugo M, Hunter Sandra K
Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States.
Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
Front Physiol. 2023 May 16;14:1166218. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1166218. eCollection 2023.
Despite activities of daily living being frequently performed simultaneously with a cognitive task, motor function is often investigated in isolation, which can hinder the applicability of findings. This brief review presents evidence that 1) performing a cognitive challenge simultaneously with a motor task can negatively impact force steadiness and fatigability of limb muscles during a static contraction, 2) the negative impact on old adults (>65 years old), particularly older women is greater than young when a cognitive challenge is simultaneously performed with a static motor task, 3) age-related mechanisms potentially explain impairments in motor performance in the presence of a cognitive challenge, and 4) the mechanisms for the age-related decrements in motor performance can be distinct between men and women. These observations are highly relevant to the older adults, given the increased risk of accidents and injury when a motor task is performed with a high cognitive-demand task, especially in light of the expanding reliance on an aging workforce.
尽管日常生活活动经常与认知任务同时进行，但运动功能的研究往往是孤立进行的，这可能会妨碍研究结果的适用性。本简要综述提供的证据表明：1）在进行静态收缩时，将认知挑战与运动任务同时进行会对肢体肌肉的力量稳定性和疲劳性产生负面影响；2）当将认知挑战与静态运动任务同时进行时，对老年人（>65岁），尤其是老年女性的负面影响大于年轻人；3）与年龄相关的机制可能解释在存在认知挑战时运动表现的受损情况；4）运动表现与年龄相关的下降机制在男性和女性之间可能有所不同。鉴于在执行高认知需求任务时进行运动任务会增加事故和受伤风险，尤其是考虑到对老年劳动力的依赖不断增加，这些观察结果与老年人高度相关。
