Negah Aref Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
BMC Ophthalmol. 2023 Jun 1;23(1):246. doi: 10.1186/s12886-023-02983-5.
The present study was aimed to compare the epidemiological and ocular findings of twin children in comparison with non- twin age matched individuals as their control.
In this cross sectional study, a total of 90 twins (180 cases) were compared with 182 non- twin matched children. All the study participants were examined by a comprehensive ophthalmic examination including measurement of the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), cycloplegic refraction, ocular deviation, strabismus as well as the anterior and posterior ophthalmic examinations. Demographic information of children were collected by using an organized questionnaire. Monozygotic twins were considered if there were similarity of their phenotypic characteristics and gender, otherwise the twins were considered as dizygotic.
The mirror- image twins (MIT) was defined according to the laterality of symmetrical ocular characteristics of twins. In this study, the mean age of the study participants was 7.08±4.42 and 7.58±3.99 years in twins and non-twins groups, respectively (P=0.253). Among the twins, 27 (30%) were monozygotic. Refractive form of MIT was seen in 5 twins (2.8%). The spherical refractive error was more hyperopic in twins compared to non- twins (P=0.041). BCVA in the twin group (0.07±0.16LogMAR) was significantly worse than non-twins (0.03±0.08LogMAR, P < 0.001) and higher percentage of them were amblyopic (37.2% versus 10.4%, P=0.005). Twin and controls had strabismus in 17.2% and 1.6%, respectively (P < 0.001). Regarding the comparison between mono- and dizygotic twins, more significant percentage of monozygotic twins had amblyopia (P=0.004) and strabismus (P=0.047). Multivariate analysis showed significant correlation among low gestational age and female gender, low birth weight and seizure.
Female sex, less gestational age, low birth weight, amblyopia and strabismus were significantly higher in twins. Therefore, it is important to check their refractive error, amblyopia and strabismus to prevent their further complications.
本研究旨在比较双胞胎儿童与非双胞胎同龄个体的流行病学和眼部发现，将双胞胎作为对照。
在这项横断面研究中，共比较了 90 对双胞胎（180 例）和 182 名非双胞胎匹配儿童。所有研究参与者均接受了全面的眼科检查，包括最佳矫正视力（BCVA）、睫状肌麻痹验光、眼球偏斜、斜视以及眼前和眼后检查。通过使用组织好的问卷收集儿童的人口统计学信息。如果双胞胎具有相似的表型特征和性别，则认为是同卵双胞胎，否则认为是异卵双胞胎。
根据双胞胎眼部特征的对称性，将镜像双胞胎（MIT）定义为。在这项研究中，研究参与者的平均年龄分别为双胞胎组 7.08±4.42 岁和非双胞胎组 7.58±3.99 岁（P=0.253）。双胞胎中，27 例（30%）为同卵双胞胎。5 例双胞胎（2.8%）存在 MIT 的屈光形式。双胞胎的远视屈光度高于非双胞胎（P=0.041）。双胞胎组的 BCVA（0.07±0.16LogMAR）明显差于非双胞胎组（0.03±0.08LogMAR，P<0.001），且弱视比例更高（37.2%对 10.4%，P=0.005）。双胞胎和对照组的斜视发生率分别为 17.2%和 1.6%（P<0.001）。同卵和异卵双胞胎之间的比较显示，同卵双胞胎的弱视和斜视比例更高（P=0.004 和 P=0.047）。多变量分析显示，低胎龄和女性与低出生体重和癫痫之间存在显著相关性。
双胞胎中女性、胎龄较短、出生体重较低、弱视和斜视的比例显著较高。因此，检查他们的屈光不正、弱视和斜视以预防进一步的并发症非常重要。
