Bezerra José Jailson Lima, Pinheiro Anderson Angel Vieira, Dourado Douglas
Graduate Program in Plant Biology, Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Santa Maria University, Cajazeiras, PB, Brazil.
J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2023 May 26;29:e20220079. doi: 10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2022-0079. eCollection 2023.
Several regions of the world frequently use the species Lam. (Moringaceae) in traditional medicine. This situation is even more common in African countries. Many literature reports point to the antimalarial potential of this species, indicating the efficacy of its chemical compounds against malaria-causing parasites of the genus . From this perspective, the present study reviews the ethnobotanical, pharmacological, toxicological, and phytochemical (flavonoids) evidence of , focusing on the treatment of malaria. Scientific articles were retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SciELO databases. Only articles published between 2002 and 2022 were selected. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, this review used a total of 72 articles. These documents mention a large use of for the treatment of malaria in African and Asian countries. The leaves (63%) of this plant are the main parts used in the preparation of herbal medicines. The antimalarial activity of was confirmed through several studies using polar and nonpolar extracts, fractions obtained from the extracts, infusion, pellets, and oils obtained from this plant and tested in rodents infected by the following parasites of the genus : , and . Extracts obtained from showed no toxicity in preclinical tests. A total of 46 flavonoids were identified in the leaves and seeds of by different chromatography and mass spectrometry methods. Despite the scarcity of research on the antimalarial potential of compounds isolated from , the positive effects against malaria-causing parasites in previous studies are likely to correlate with the flavonoids that occur in this species.
世界上有几个地区经常在传统医学中使用辣木属（辣木科）植物。这种情况在非洲国家更为常见。许多文献报道指出了该物种的抗疟潜力，表明其化合物对疟原虫属寄生虫具有疗效。从这个角度来看，本研究综述了辣木属植物在民族植物学、药理学、毒理学和植物化学（黄酮类）方面的证据，重点是疟疾治疗。从谷歌学术、PubMed、ScienceDirect和SciELO数据库中检索科学文章。仅选择2002年至2022年发表的文章。在应用纳入和排除标准后，本综述共使用了72篇文章。这些文献提到辣木属植物在非洲和亚洲国家大量用于治疗疟疾。这种植物的叶子（63%）是制备草药的主要部位。通过多项研究证实了辣木属植物的抗疟活性，这些研究使用了极性和非极性提取物、提取物得到的馏分、浸剂、丸剂以及从该植物中提取的油，并在感染以下疟原虫属寄生虫的啮齿动物身上进行了测试：恶性疟原虫、间日疟原虫和卵形疟原虫。从辣木属植物中提取的提取物在临床前试验中未显示出毒性。通过不同的色谱法和质谱法在辣木属植物的叶子和种子中总共鉴定出46种黄酮类化合物。尽管对从辣木属植物中分离出的化合物的抗疟潜力研究较少，但先前研究中对疟原虫的积极作用可能与该物种中存在的黄酮类化合物有关。
