Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3G3.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2023 Aug;27(8):745-758. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.05.009. Epub 2023 Jun 1.
According to early theories, implicit (automatic) social attitudes are difficult if not impossible to change. Although this view has recently been challenged by research relying on experimental, developmental, and cultural approaches, relevant work remains siloed across research communities. As such, the time is ripe to systematize and integrate disparate (and seemingly contradictory) findings and to identify gaps in existing knowledge. To this end, we introduce a 3D framework classifying research on implicit attitude change by levels of analysis (individual vs. collective), sources of change (experimental, ontogenetic, and cultural), and timescales (short term vs. long term). This 3D framework highlights where evidence for implicit attitude change is more versus less well established and pinpoints directions for future research, including at the intersection of fields.
根据早期理论，内隐（自动）社会态度很难改变，如果不是不可能的话。尽管最近的研究挑战了这一观点，这些研究依赖于实验、发展和文化方法，但相关工作在研究社区中仍然是孤立的。因此，现在是系统化和整合不同（看似矛盾）的发现并确定现有知识差距的时候了。为此，我们引入了一个 3D 框架，通过分析水平（个体与集体）、变化来源（实验、个体发生和文化）和时间尺度（短期与长期）对内隐态度改变的研究进行分类。这个 3D 框架突出了内隐态度改变的证据在哪些方面更有或更没有得到充分证实，并指出了未来研究的方向，包括在各个领域的交叉点。
