[立体牵引对有机栽培下党参光合特性、产量及品质的影响]
[Effects of stereoscopic traction on photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and quality of Codonopsis pilosula under organic cultivation].
作者信息
Zhou Yang, Chen Yuan, Guo Feng-Xia, Wang Hong-Yan, Cai Zi-Ping
机构信息
Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Medical Plant Cultivation and Breeding, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Good Agricultural Production for Traditional Chinese Medicines, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science,College of Life Science and Technology, Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou 730070, China.
Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lanzhou 730070, China.
出版信息
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2023 May;48(10):2725-2731. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20221210.103.
To solve the serious problem of stem and leaf shading in the middle and late stage of traditional flat planting of Codonopsis pilosula, this study analyzed the effects of different stereoscopic traction heights on the photosynthetic characteristics and growth of C. pilosula and explored the optimal traction height to improve the yield and quality of C. pilosula. The experiment designed three stereo-scopic traction heights [H1(60 cm), H2(90 cm), and H3(120 cm)] with natural growth without traction as the control(CK). The results showed that the increase in stereoscopic traction heights broadened the growth space of stems and leaves of C. pilosula, enhanced the ventilation effect, significantly increased the average daily net photosynthetic rate of C. pilosula, promoted the absorption of intercellular CO_2, decreased the transpiration rate, and reduced the evaporation of water. Moreover, it effectively avoided the problem of weakened photosynthesis, maintained the carbon balance of individual plants, and promoted the growth and development of the C. pilosula roots. In terms of the seed yield of C. pilosula, it was ranked as H2>H1>H3>CK. To be specific, H1 increased by 213.41% compared with CK, H2 increased by 282.43% compared with CK, and H3 increased by 133.95% compared with CK. The yield and quality of C. pilosula were the highest in the H3 treatment group, with the fresh yield of 6 858.33 kg·hm(-2), 50.59% higher than CK, dry yield of 2 398.33 kg·hm(-2), 76.54% higher than CK, and lobetyolin content of 0.56 mg·g~(-1), 45.22% higher than CK. Therefore, the stereoscopic traction height has a great influence on the photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and quality of C. pilosula. Particularly, the yield and quality of C. pilosula can be optimized and improved in the traction height treatment of H3(120 cm). This planting method is worth popularizing and applying in the cultivated management of C. pilosula.
为解决传统平作党参种植中后期茎叶遮荫严重的问题，本研究分析了不同立体牵引高度对党参光合特性及生长的影响，探索提高党参产量和品质的最佳牵引高度。试验设计了3个立体牵引高度[H1（60厘米）、H2（90厘米）和H3（120厘米）]，以自然生长不牵引为对照（CK）。结果表明，立体牵引高度增加拓宽了党参茎叶的生长空间，增强了通风效果，显著提高了党参的日均净光合速率，促进了胞间CO₂的吸收，降低了蒸腾速率，减少了水分蒸发。此外，有效避免了光合作用减弱的问题，维持了单株碳平衡，促进了党参根部的生长发育。在党参种子产量方面，排序为H2＞H1＞H3＞CK。具体而言，H1比CK增加了213.41%，H2比CK增加了282.43%，H3比CK增加了133.95%。党参产量和品质在H3处理组最高，鲜产量为6858.33千克·公顷⁻²，比CK高50.59%，干产量为2398.33千克·公顷⁻²，比CK高76.54%，党参炔苷含量为0.56毫克·克⁻¹，比CK高45.22%。因此，立体牵引高度对党参光合特性、产量和品质有很大影响。特别是在H3（120厘米）牵引高度处理下可优化提高党参的产量和品质。这种种植方法值得在党参栽培管理中推广应用。
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