Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Cargill Incorporated, Wayzata, MN 55391, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2023 Jan 3;101. doi: 10.1093/jas/skad191.
Previously, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) positively altered fecal microbiota, fecal metabolites, and immune cell function of adult dogs. Our objective was to determine the fecal characteristics, microbiota, and metabolites of SCFP-supplemented dogs subjected to transport stress. All procedures were approved by the Four Rivers Kennel IACUC prior to experimentation. Thirty-six adult dogs (18 male, 18 female; age: 7.1 ± 0.77 yr; body weight: 28.97 ± 3.67 kg) were randomly assigned to be controls or receive SCFP supplementation (250 mg/dog/d) (N = 18/group) for 11 wk. At that time, fresh fecal samples were collected before and after transport in a hunting dog trailer with individual kennels. The trailer was driven 40 miles round trip for about 45 min. Fecal microbiota data were evaluated using Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology 2, while all other data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of Statistical Analysis System. Effects of treatment, transport, and treatment × transport were tested, with P < 0.05 being considered significant. Transport stress increased fecal indole concentrations and relative abundances of fecal Actinobacteria, Collinsella, Slackia, Ruminococcus, and Eubacterium. In contrast, relative abundances of fecal Fusobacteria, Streptococcus, and Fusobacterium were reduced by transport. Fecal characteristics, metabolites, and bacterial alpha and beta diversity measures were not affected by diet alone. Several diet × transport interactions were significant, however. Following transport, relative abundance of fecal Turicibacter increased in SCFP-supplemented dogs, but decreased in controls. Following transport, relative abundances of fecal Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Prevotella, and Sutterella increased in controls, but not in SCFP-supplemented dogs. In contrast, relative abundances of fecal Firmicutes, Clostridium, Faecalibacterium, and Allobaculum increased and fecal Parabacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium decreased after transport stress in SCFP-supplemented dogs, but not in controls. Our data demonstrate that both transport stress and SCFP alter fecal microbiota in dogs, with transport being the primary cause for shifts. SCFP supplementation may provide benefits to dogs undergoing transport stress, but more research is necessary to determine proper dosages. More research is also necessary to determine if and how transport stress impacts gastrointestinal microbiota and other indicators of health.
先前，一种酿酒酵母发酵产物（SCFP）可积极改变成年犬的粪便微生物群、粪便代谢物和免疫细胞功能。我们的目的是确定接受运输应激的 SCFP 补充狗的粪便特征、微生物群和代谢物。所有程序在实验前均经四河犬舍 IACUC 批准。36 只成年犬（18 只雄性，18 只雌性；年龄：7.1±0.77 岁；体重：28.97±3.67kg）被随机分配为对照组或接受 SCFP 补充（250mg/犬/天）（N=18/组）11 周。此时，在带有单独犬舍的狩猎犬拖车内，在运输前后采集新鲜粪便样本。拖车往返行驶 40 英里，大约 45 分钟。使用定量微生物生态分析 2 评估粪便微生物群数据，而使用统计分析系统的混合模型程序分析所有其他数据。测试了处理、运输和处理×运输的影响，P<0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。运输应激增加了粪便吲哚浓度和粪便放线菌、柯林斯氏菌、斯拉克氏菌、瘤胃球菌和真杆菌的相对丰度。相比之下，粪便梭菌、链球菌和梭杆菌的相对丰度因运输而减少。粪便特征、代谢物以及细菌的α和β多样性测量值不受单独饮食的影响。然而，有几个饮食×运输的相互作用是显著的。运输后，SCFP 补充狗的粪便中 Turicibacter 的相对丰度增加，而对照组则减少。运输后，对照组粪便中变形菌门、拟杆菌门、普雷沃氏菌和 Sutterella 的相对丰度增加，而 SCFP 补充狗则没有。相反，运输后，SCFP 补充狗的粪便 Firmicutes、梭菌、粪杆菌和 Allobaculum 的相对丰度增加，而 Parabacteroides 和 Phascolarctobacterium 的相对丰度减少，而对照组则没有。我们的数据表明，运输应激和 SCFP 都改变了狗的粪便微生物群，而运输是导致这种变化的主要原因。SCFP 补充可能对接受运输应激的狗有益，但需要更多的研究来确定适当的剂量。还需要更多的研究来确定运输应激是否以及如何影响胃肠道微生物群和其他健康指标。
