Duyckaerts Charles, Maisonobe Thierry, Hauw Jean-Jacques, Seilhean Danielle
Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department, La Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
Alzheimer-Prions team, Paris Brain Institute ICM (INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225), Sorbonne Université-UMRS1127), Paris, France.
Free Neuropathol. 2021 May 18;2:12. doi: 10.17879/freeneuropathology-2021-3323. eCollection 2021 Jan.
Jean-Martin Charcot described what he called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in his 12 and 13 lessons published in 1873 by Bourneville. He distinguished the symptoms that were related to the lesion of the anterior horn of the spinal cord and those that were due to the degeneration (that he named "sclerosis") of its lateral column. He thought that "inflammation" progressed from the lateral column to the anterior horn (but the term inflammation is not to be taken in the current meaning): the lesion of the anterior horn was thus "deuteropathic". An album containing drawings made by Charcot is kept in La Salpêtrière Neuropathology Department. Four drawings are pasted on one of its pages, showing the degeneration of the pyramidal tract. They constitute the original of the engravings illustrating Charcot's 12 lesson. The illustration of the fascicular atrophy of the presented in the album does not appear in the lessons, even though this alteration is widely discussed and linked to the lesion of the anterior horn, which was supposed to ensure the "nutrition" of the muscle. The technique used by Charcot and his interpretation of the microscopic pictures, as exposed in his lessons, are discussed.
让-马丁·夏科在1873年由布尔内维尔出版的第12课和第13课中描述了他所谓的肌萎缩侧索硬化症。他区分了与脊髓前角病变相关的症状和由于其侧柱变性（他称之为“硬化”）引起的症状。他认为“炎症”从侧柱发展到前角（但“炎症”一词并非当前意义上的含义）：因此前角的病变是“继发病变”。一本装有夏科所绘图的册子保存在萨尔佩特里埃神经病理学部门。其中一页粘贴了四幅图，展示了锥体束的变性。它们构成了为说明夏科第12课而雕刻的原版。册子中呈现的 束状萎缩的插图在课程中并未出现，尽管这种改变被广泛讨论且与前角病变相关，前角病变被认为能确保肌肉的“营养”。文中讨论了夏科所使用的技术以及他在课程中对微观图像的解读。
