Brigo Francesco
Department of Neurology, Hospital of Merano (SABES-ASDAA), Merano-Meran, Italy.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2021 Feb;79(2):173-174. doi: 10.1590/0004-282X-anp-2020-0159.
Jean-Martin Charcot's (1825-1893) concepts of hysteria evolved significantly over the last 20 years of his career. In the "Leçons du Mardi à la Salpêtrière" (Tuesday lessons), his original conception of a "dynamic lesion" coexists alongside a new psychological conception, sometimes in a rather contradictory way. According to the hand-written transcript of his Tuesday lesson on February 21st, 1888, Charcot stated: "Hysteria must be taken for what it is: psychic disease par excellence". However, in the printed edition of the Tuesday lessons, this emphasis on psychological factors was very much softened. The different wording and corresponding shift in meaning implicitly retrieved Charcot's former conception of a "dynamic lesion". Charcot himself had probably been made aware of the different wording by the editors, and had agreed upon it. After several years of studying this condition, Charcot was probably not confident enough in making too assertive conclusions on the psychological mechanisms underlying hysteria.
让-马丁·沙可（1825 - 1893）对癔症的概念在其职业生涯的最后20年里有了显著演变。在《周二在萨尔佩特里埃医院的授课》中，他最初关于“动力性病变”的概念与一种新的心理学概念并存，有时方式颇为矛盾。根据他1888年2月21日周二课程的手写记录，沙可称：“必须如实看待癔症：堪称典型的精神疾病”。然而，在周二课程的印刷版中，对心理因素的这种强调大为弱化。措辞的不同及相应的意义转变含蓄地回归了沙可之前关于“动力性病变”的概念。沙可本人可能已被编辑告知措辞不同，并对此表示同意。在对这种病症进行数年研究之后，沙可可能对就癔症背后的心理机制得出过于肯定的结论信心不足。
