Ghanbari Mohammad, Khosroshahi Negin Sadi, Alamdar Maryam, Abdi Adel, Aghazadeh Aida, Feizi Mohammad Ali Hosseinpour, Haghi Mehdi
Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
Curr Med Chem. 2024;31(23):3550-3587. doi: 10.2174/0929867330666230607124803.
Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial in regulating gene expression. These mechanisms include DNA methylation and histone modifications, like methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation. DNA methylation is associated with gene expression suppression; however, histone methylation can stimulate or repress gene expression depending on the methylation pattern of lysine or arginine residues on histones. These modifications are key factors in mediating the environmental effect on gene expression regulation. Therefore, their aberrant activity is associated with the development of various diseases. The current study aimed to review the significance of DNA and histone methyltransferases and demethylases in developing various conditions, like cardiovascular diseases, myopathies, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, cancer, aging, and central nervous system conditions. A better understanding of the epigenetic roles in developing diseases can pave the way for developing novel therapeutic approaches for affected patients.
表观遗传机制在调节基因表达中至关重要。这些机制包括DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰，如甲基化、乙酰化和磷酸化。DNA甲基化与基因表达抑制相关；然而，组蛋白甲基化可根据组蛋白上赖氨酸或精氨酸残基的甲基化模式刺激或抑制基因表达。这些修饰是介导环境对基因表达调控影响的关键因素。因此，它们的异常活性与多种疾病的发生有关。当前的研究旨在综述DNA和组蛋白甲基转移酶及去甲基化酶在各种疾病发生过程中的重要性，如心血管疾病、肌病、糖尿病、肥胖症、骨质疏松症、癌症、衰老及中枢神经系统疾病。更好地理解表观遗传学在疾病发生中的作用可为开发针对受影响患者的新型治疗方法铺平道路。
