Wang Wenhao
School of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 People's Republic of China.
J Sustain Metall. 2023;9(2):564-577. doi: 10.1007/s40831-023-00667-4. Epub 2023 Mar 9.
Titanium products play an important and irreplaceable role in national defense and military applications and are considered as strategic resources by many governments. Although China developed a large-scale titanium industrial chain that affects the global market, it is still weak in high-end titanium-based alloys and needs an urgent upgrade. Few policies have been implemented at the national level to explore the development strategies of China's titanium industry and related industries. One major issue is the lack of reliable statistical data, which is essential for setting the national strategies of China's titanium industry. Additionally, waste management and scrap recycling in titanium products manufacturers are not yet considered, which would significantly impact the lifetime of titanium scrap and demand for virgin titanium metal resources. To address this gap, this work has developed a titanium products flow chart for China and presented trends in the titanium industry from 2005 to 2020. The results show that only about 65% to 85% of domestic titanium sponge is finally sold as ingots, and only about 60% to 85% of ingots are finally sold as mills, indicating excessive production has been a characteristic of China's titanium industry. The average recovery ratio of prompt swarf for ingots is about 63%, and that for mills is about 56%, which can be recycled into ingots by remelting, relieving constraints on high-grade titanium sponge and reducing dependence on it to some extent.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40831-023-00667-4.
钛产品在国防和军事应用中发挥着重要且不可替代的作用，被许多国家政府视为战略资源。尽管中国已形成影响全球市场的大规模钛产业链，但在高端钛基合金方面仍较为薄弱，亟需升级。国家层面很少出台政策来探索中国钛产业及相关产业的发展战略。一个主要问题是缺乏可靠的统计数据，而这对于制定中国钛产业的国家战略至关重要。此外，钛产品制造商的废物管理和废料回收尚未得到考虑，这将对钛废料的寿命和原生钛金属资源的需求产生重大影响。为填补这一空白，本研究绘制了中国钛产品流程图，并展示了2005年至2020年钛产业的发展趋势。结果表明，国内海绵钛最终只有约65%至85%作为铸锭售出，铸锭最终只有约60%至85%作为轧材售出，这表明产能过剩一直是中国钛产业的一个特征。铸锭的即时切屑平均回收率约为63%，轧材的约为56%，这些切屑可通过重熔回收成铸锭，缓解对高品位海绵钛的限制，并在一定程度上减少对其的依赖。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s40831-023-00667-4获取的补充材料。
