College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
Microb Ecol. 2023 Nov;86(4):2447-2460. doi: 10.1007/s00248-023-02254-2. Epub 2023 Jun 9.
The introduction of legumes into rotations can improve nitrogen use efficiency and crop yield; however, its microbial mechanism involved remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the temporal impact of peanut introduction on microorganisms related to nitrogen metabolism in rotation systems. In this study, the dynamics of diazotrophic communities in two crop seasons and wheat yields of two rotation systems: winter wheat - summer maize (WM) and spring peanut → winter wheat - summer maize (PWM) in the North China Plain were investigated. Our results showed that peanut introduction increased wheat yield and biomass by 11.6% (p < 0.05) and 8.9%, respectively. Lower Chao1 and Shannon indexes of the diazotrophic communities were detected in soils that sampling in June compared with those sampling in September, although no difference was found between WM and PWM. Principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) showed that rotation system significantly changed the diazotrophic community structures (PERMANOVA; p < 0.05). Compared with WM, the genera of Azotobacter, Skermanella, Azohydromonas, Rhodomicrobium, Azospirillum, Unclassified_f_Opitutaceae, and Unclassified_f_Rhodospirillaceae were significantly enriched (p < 0.05) in PWM. Furthermore, rotation system and sampling time significantly influenced soil properties, which significantly correlated with the top 15 genera in relative abundance. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) analysis further showed that the diazotrophic community diversity (alpha- and beta-diversity) and soil properties (pH, SOC and TN) significantly affected wheat yield. In conclusion, legume inclusion has the potential to stabilize diazotrophic community structure at the temporal scales and increase subsequent crop yield.
引入豆科作物可以提高氮素利用效率和作物产量，但其中涉及的微生物机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨花生引入对轮作系统中与氮代谢相关的微生物的时间影响。本研究调查了华北平原两种作物季和两种轮作系统（冬小麦-夏玉米（WM）和春花生→冬小麦-夏玉米（PWM））中固氮生物群落的动态变化以及小麦产量。结果表明，花生的引入分别使小麦产量和生物量增加了 11.6%（p<0.05）和 8.9%。尽管 WM 和 PWM 之间没有差异，但与 9 月相比，6 月采样的土壤中固氮生物群落的 Chao1 和 Shannon 指数较低。主坐标分析（PCoA）表明，轮作系统显著改变了固氮生物群落结构（PERMANOVA；p<0.05）。与 WM 相比，PWM 中 Azotobacter、Skermanella、Azohydromonas、Rhodomicrobium、Azospirillum、未分类_f_Opitutaceae 和未分类_f_Rhodospirillaceae 的属明显丰富（p<0.05）。此外，轮作系统和采样时间显著影响土壤性质，与相对丰度排名前 15 的属显著相关。偏最小二乘路径模型（PLS-PM）分析进一步表明，固氮生物群落多样性（alpha 和 beta 多样性）和土壤性质（pH、SOC 和 TN）显著影响小麦产量。综上所述，豆科植物的引入有可能在时间尺度上稳定固氮生物群落结构，并提高后续作物产量。
