Zhang Yiping, Li Wei, Lu Peng, Xu Tianyu, Pan Kai
Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
Microorganisms. 2022 Apr 10;10(4):799. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10040799.
Crop rotation can improve soil properties and is one of the important measures to prevent soil-borne diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different preceding crops on clubroot disease in Chinese cabbage and soil microorganisms, to provide a theoretical basis for the ecological control of clubroot scientifically. In this experiment, soybeans, potato onions, and wheat were used as the preceding crops and compared with the local preceding crop garlic. The growth of the Chinese cabbage, disease occurrence, soil chemical properties and changes in microbial community structure were determined by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), soil microbial high-throughput sequencing and other methods. The results showed that the rotation of potato onion and wheat with Chinese cabbage could reduce the clubroot disease index of Chinese cabbage remarkably. Through Illumina Miseq sequencing, when three previous crops were harvested, the abundance and diversity of the bacteria increased obviously, while the fungi decreased. The relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria and Firmicutes was strikingly reduced, while that of Chloroflexi was significantly increased. These results show that three previous crops changed the structure of soil microorganisms, reduced the clubroot disease of Chinese cabbage, promoted growth, and suppressed disease. The ranked effect on promoting growth and inhibiting diseases was potato onion > wheat > soybean.
轮作可以改善土壤性质，是预防土传病害的重要措施之一。本研究旨在评估不同前茬作物对大白菜根肿病及土壤微生物的影响，为科学地对根肿病进行生态防控提供理论依据。在本试验中，选用大豆、葱头、小麦作为前茬作物，并与当地前茬作物大蒜进行比较。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）、土壤微生物高通量测序等方法，测定了大白菜的生长情况、病害发生情况、土壤化学性质及微生物群落结构变化。结果表明，葱头和小麦与大白菜轮作可显著降低大白菜根肿病病情指数。通过Illumina Miseq测序发现，三种前茬作物收获后，细菌的丰度和多样性明显增加，而真菌则减少。变形菌门和厚壁菌门的相对丰度显著降低，而绿弯菌门的相对丰度显著增加。这些结果表明，三种前茬作物改变了土壤微生物结构，降低了大白菜根肿病发病率，促进了生长并抑制了病害。对促进生长和抑制病害的效果排序为：葱头＞小麦＞大豆。
