Zangani Esmaeil, Angourani Hossein Rabbi, Andalibi Babak, Rad Saeid Vaezi, Mastinu Andrea
Department of Plant Production and Genetics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran.
Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran.
Life (Basel). 2023 Mar 24;13(4):875. doi: 10.3390/life13040875.
The use of growth-stimulating signals to increase the tolerance of plants to water deficits can be an important strategy in the production of plants in dry areas. Therefore, a split-plot experiment with three replications was conducted to evaluate the effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) application rate as an NO donor (0, 100, and 200 µM) on the growth and yield parameters of L. () under different irrigation cut-off times (control, irrigation cut-off from stem elongation, and anthesis). The results of this study showed that with increasing drought severity, leaf RWC, proline content and capitula per plant, 1000 grain weight, plant height, branch per plant, capitula diameter, and the biological and grain yield of decreased significantly, whereas the number of grains per capitula increased compared with the control. Also, by irrigation cut-off from the stem elongation stage, the density of leaf stomata at the bottom and top epidermis increased by 64% and 39%, respectively, and the length of the stomata at the bottom epidermis of the leaf decreased up to 28%. In contrast, the results of this experiment showed that the exogenous application of nitric oxide reduced the negative effects of irrigation cut-off, such that the application of 100 µM SNP enhanced RWC content (up to 9%), proline concentration (up to 40%), and grain (up to 34%) and biological (up to 44%) yields in plants under drought stress compared with non-application of SNP. The decrease in the number of capitula per plant and capitula diameter was also compensated by foliar application of 100 µM SNP under stress conditions. In addition, exogenous NO changed the behavior of the stomata during the period of dehydration, such that plants treated with SNP showed a decrease in the stomatal density of the leaf and an increase in the length of the stomata at the leaf bottom epidermis. These results indicate that SNP treatment, especially at 100 µM, was helpful in alleviating the deleterious effects of water deficiency and enhancing the tolerance of to withholding irrigation times.
利用生长刺激信号提高植物对水分亏缺的耐受性，可能是干旱地区植物生产中的一项重要策略。因此，进行了一项具有三次重复的裂区试验，以评估作为一氧化氮供体的硝普钠（SNP）施用量（0、100和200 μM）对不同灌溉切断时间（对照、茎伸长时切断灌溉和花期切断灌溉）下某植物生长和产量参数的影响。本研究结果表明，随着干旱程度的增加，叶片相对含水量、脯氨酸含量、单株头状花序数、千粒重、株高、单株分枝数、头状花序直径以及该植物的生物产量和籽粒产量均显著下降，而与对照相比，单头状花序粒数增加。此外，从茎伸长阶段开始切断灌溉后，叶片底部和顶部表皮的气孔密度分别增加了64%和39%，叶片底部表皮气孔长度减少了28%。相比之下，本试验结果表明，外源施用一氧化氮可降低切断灌溉的负面影响，与不施用SNP相比，在干旱胁迫下，施用100 μM SNP可提高植物的相对含水量（高达9%）、脯氨酸浓度（高达40%）、籽粒产量（高达34%）和生物产量（高达44%）。在胁迫条件下，叶面喷施100 μM SNP也弥补了单株头状花序数和头状花序直径的减少。此外，外源一氧化氮改变了脱水期间气孔的行为，使得用SNP处理的植物叶片气孔密度降低，叶片底部表皮气孔长度增加。这些结果表明，SNP处理，尤其是100 μM时，有助于减轻水分亏缺的有害影响，提高该植物对灌溉中断时间的耐受性。
